Validation of the time perspective inventory Based on Korean employees
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Aug 31, 2016
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. With 56 items of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI) adapted through translation and back-translation, exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the sample of 300 Korean employees. Results of exploratory factor analyses showed that five factors with 25 items were obtained. The Inventory was composed of past positive 6 items, past negative 3 items, present hedonistic 4 items, present fatalistic 5 items, and future 7 items. For further validation of the scale, data were obtained from 204 Korean employees. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5 factor model was adequate. Also results of correlational analyses showed that the five factors were generally significantly correlated with various criteria such as life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression, confirming criterion-related validity. Finally, implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
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Tak, J., Jang, S., Kim, S., Lee, B., & Nam, D. (2016). Validation of the time perspective inventory: Based on Korean employees. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 29(3), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v29i3.367-383
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Empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
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이경용 (2001). 작업관련 스트레스와 조직문화. 인천: 한국산업안전공단 산업안전보건연구원.
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한덕웅, 전겸구, 탁진국, 이창호, 이건효 (1993). 생활사건과 개인차가 생활부적응에 미치는 영향. 학생지도연구, 10, 1-13.
Anagnostopoulos, F., & Griva, F. (2012). Exploring time perspective in Greek young adults: Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and relationships with mental health indicators. Social Indicators Research, 106(1), 41-59.
Boniwell, I., Osin, E., & Sircova, A. (2014). Introducing time perspective coaching: A new approach to improve time management and enhance well-being. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 12(2), 24-40.
Carelli, M. G., Wiberg, B., & Wiberg, M. (2011). Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 220-227.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Gao, Y. J. (2011). Time perspective and life satisfaction among young adults in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: A international journal, 39(6), 729-736.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Kolesovs, A. (2009). Factorial validity of the Latvian and Russian versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory in Latvia. Baltic Journal of Psychology, 10(1-2), 55-64.
Liniauskaitŷ, A., & Kairys, A. (2009). The Lithuanian version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). Psichologija/ Psychology, 40, 66-87.
Milfont, T. L., Andrade, P. R., Belo, R. P., & Pessoa, V. S. (2008). Testing Zimbardo time perspective inventory in a Brazilian sample. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 49-58.
O’connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396-402.
Papastamatelou, J., Unger, A., Giotakos, O., & Athanasiadou, F. (2013). Is time perspective a predictor of anxiety and perceived stress? Some preliminary results from Greece. Psychological Studies, 1-10.
Seijts G. H. (1998). The importance of future time perspective in theories of work motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 132(3), 164-168.
Spielberg, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L, & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press, Inc.
Van Beek, W., Berghuis, H., Kerkhof, A., & Beekman, A. (2011). Time perspective, personality and psychopathology: Zimbardo’s time perspective inventory in psychiatry. Time and Society, 20, 364-374.
Webster, J. D., & Ma, X. (2013). A balanced time perspective in adulthood: Well-being and developmental effects. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 32(04), 433-442.
Zhang, J. W., & Howell, R. T. (2011). Do time perspectives predict unique variance in life satisfaction beyond personality traits?. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(8), 1261-1266.
Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2013). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: The relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 169-184.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting Time in Perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences Metric. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2008). 타임 패러독스. (오정아 역). 서울: 미디어윌. (원전은 2008년에 출판).
김희진, 송인한 (2010). 기혼 직장인의 우울과 자살생각, 그리고 음주의 관계. 정신보건과 사회사업, 36, 1-30.
배병렬 (2011). 구조방정식 모델링: 원리와 실제. 서울: 청람.
보건복지부, 인제대학교 (2004). 통합적 직장정신건강 프로그램 개발. 과천: 보건복지부.
윤소정, 김정섭 (2012). 한국형 Zimbardo 시간관 척도 타당화. 교육심리연구, 26(2), 587- 606.
이경용 (2001). 작업관련 스트레스와 조직문화. 인천: 한국산업안전공단 산업안전보건연구원.
이동귀, 이수란, 박현주 (2008). 한국판 자기 평가 소재 척도의 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(1), 65-82.
이승철, 김정근, 김태정, 김동구 (2012). 건강한 기업의 조건: 근로자 정신건강. 삼성경제연구소: CEO information. 860.
최영수, 정유석, 유선미, 최은영, 박일환, 백국현, 조성욱 (2004). 직장인의 직무 스트레스가 불안성향에 미치는 영향. 대한가정의학회, 25(3) 224-232.
한덕웅, 전겸구, 탁진국, 이창호, 이건효 (1993). 생활사건과 개인차가 생활부적응에 미치는 영향. 학생지도연구, 10, 1-13.
Anagnostopoulos, F., & Griva, F. (2012). Exploring time perspective in Greek young adults: Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and relationships with mental health indicators. Social Indicators Research, 106(1), 41-59.
Boniwell, I., Osin, E., & Sircova, A. (2014). Introducing time perspective coaching: A new approach to improve time management and enhance well-being. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 12(2), 24-40.
Carelli, M. G., Wiberg, B., & Wiberg, M. (2011). Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 220-227.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Gao, Y. J. (2011). Time perspective and life satisfaction among young adults in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: A international journal, 39(6), 729-736.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Kolesovs, A. (2009). Factorial validity of the Latvian and Russian versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory in Latvia. Baltic Journal of Psychology, 10(1-2), 55-64.
Liniauskaitŷ, A., & Kairys, A. (2009). The Lithuanian version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). Psichologija/ Psychology, 40, 66-87.
Milfont, T. L., Andrade, P. R., Belo, R. P., & Pessoa, V. S. (2008). Testing Zimbardo time perspective inventory in a Brazilian sample. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 49-58.
O’connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396-402.
Papastamatelou, J., Unger, A., Giotakos, O., & Athanasiadou, F. (2013). Is time perspective a predictor of anxiety and perceived stress? Some preliminary results from Greece. Psychological Studies, 1-10.
Seijts G. H. (1998). The importance of future time perspective in theories of work motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 132(3), 164-168.
Spielberg, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L, & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press, Inc.
Van Beek, W., Berghuis, H., Kerkhof, A., & Beekman, A. (2011). Time perspective, personality and psychopathology: Zimbardo’s time perspective inventory in psychiatry. Time and Society, 20, 364-374.
Webster, J. D., & Ma, X. (2013). A balanced time perspective in adulthood: Well-being and developmental effects. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 32(04), 433-442.
Zhang, J. W., & Howell, R. T. (2011). Do time perspectives predict unique variance in life satisfaction beyond personality traits?. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(8), 1261-1266.
Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2013). Comparing three methods to measure a balanced time perspective: The relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 169-184.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting Time in Perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences Metric. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (2008). 타임 패러독스. (오정아 역). 서울: 미디어윌. (원전은 2008년에 출판).