The effect of newcomers’ proactive personality on organizational socialization through information seeking behavior The moderating effects of team openness and leader behavior
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Nov 30, 2012
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among newcomers’ proactive personality, information seeking behavior and organizational socialization. Specifically, This study investigated not only the main effect of newcomers’ proactive personality on information seeking behaviors which related to job and relationship building, and organizational socialization but also the moderating roles of team climate and leader behaviors on the relationships between proactive personality and information seeking behaviors, and between information seeking behaviors and organizational socialization. Online survey was conducted to 151 korean employees working for at least 3 months to 6 months and 151data were obtained for statistical analysis. Three steps of analysis procedures were carried out. First, correlation analysis was conducted and the results showed that there were positive relationship among main variables such as proactive personality, information seeking behavior, organizational socialization and etc. Second, the results of structural equitation model analyses showed that newcomers’ information seeking behaviors fully mediate proactive personality and organizational socialization. Third the results of hierarchial regression analyses showed that while leader behaviors which were specified to feedback behavior and consideration behavior moderated the relationship between information seeking behaviors and organizational socialization, Team openness did not moderate the relationship between proactive personality and information seeking behaviors. The implications and limitations of this study and the directions for future research were discussed on the basis of the results.
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Yoo, J., & Tak, J. (2012). The effect of newcomers’ proactive personality on organizational socialization through information seeking behavior: The moderating effects of team openness and leader behavior. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 25(4), 749–773. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v25i4.749-773
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Empirical Articles
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References
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김원형 (1994). 조직동일시 모형: 선행변인, 결과변인관의 관계. 한국산업 및 조직심리학회지 7(1). 55-87.
이동하, 탁진국 (2008). 주도성과 핵심자기평가가 경력성공에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 경력계획을 매개변인으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 21(1), 83-103.
이은경, 탁진국 (2010). 상사의 정서지능이 부하의 조직몰입, 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 리더행동의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23(1), 1-25.
장은주, 박경규, 관선화 (2004). 성별에 따른 개인특성 및 사회지원과 주관적 성공과의 관계. 한국인사 조직학회 발표논문집, 259- 286.
조은현, 탁진국 (2010). 코칭리더십 척도 개발 및 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), 127-155.
황애영, 탁진국 (2010). 주도성이 주관적 경력성공에 미치는 영향: 프로틴(portean)경력지향을 매개변인으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(2), 409-428.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1985). Proactive feedback seeking: The instrumental use of the information environment. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 58: 67-79.
Ashforth, B. E., & Saks, A. M. (1996). Socialization tactics: Longitudinal effects on newcomer adjustment. Academy of management journal, 39(1), 149-178.
Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel psychology, 41, 63-103.
Bales, R. (1958). Task roles and social roles in problem-solving groups. In Maccoby, E. et al., (Eds.). Readings in social psychology. holt rinehart & winston inc: New york, 437-447.
Bandalos and S. J. Finney (2001), Item Parceling Issues in Structural Equation Modeling, in G. A. Marcoulides and R. E. Schumaker (Eds.), New Developments and Techniques in Structural Equation Modeling, 269-296, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 179- 189.
Bass, B. M., &. Avolio, B. J. (1999). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond. Journal of European Industrial Training, 14, 21- 27.
Bateman, T. S., & J. M. Crant. (1993). The Proactive Component of Organizational Behavior: A Measure and Correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior 14: 103-118.
Bauer, T. N., Bodner, T., Erdogan, B., Truxillo, D. M., & Tucker, J. S. (2007). Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: A meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 707-721.
Bauer, T. N., Morrison, E. W., & Callister, R. R. (1998). Organizational socialization: A review and directions for future research. In G. R. Ferris & K. M. Rowland (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Becherer, R. C., & Maurer, J. G. (1999). The proactive personality disposition and entrepreneurial behavior among small company presidents. Journal of small business management, 37, 28-36.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long(Eds.), Testing structural equation model, 136-162. Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chao, G. T., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Major, D. A., & Gardner, P. (1994). The effects of organizational tactics and contextual factors on newcomer socialization and learning outcomes. Paper presented at the ninth annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Nashville, TN.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practices. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, 461-482.
Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of applied psychology, 80, 532-537.
Crant, M. J. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26, 435- 462.
Dansereau, F., Alutto, J. A., Nachman, S. A., Al-Kelabi, S. A. Yammarino, F. J., Newman, J., Naughton, T. J., Lee, S., Markham, S. E., Dumas, M., Kim,, K., & Keller, T. (1995). Individualized leadership: a new multiple-level approach. The leadership Quarterly, 6(3), 413- 450.
Espejo, J., & Day, E. A., & Scott, G. (2005). Performance evaluations, need for cognition, and the acquisition of a complex skill: an attribute-treatment interation. Personality and individual differences, 38(8), 1867-1877.
Fuller, J. B., & Kim, H. (2010). Proactive personality and job performance: Exploring job autonomy as a moderator. Journal of Managerial issues, 22(1), 35-51.
Gribbons, B. C. and D. Hocevar (1998), Levels of Aggregation in Higher Level Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Application for Academic Self-Concept. Structural Equation Modeling, 5, 377-390.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative description of personality: the Big-Five factor structure, Journal of Personality and social psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
Hough, L. M., & Schneider, R. J. (1996). Personality traits, taxonomies, and applications in organizations. In K. R. Murphy (Ed.). Individual differences and behavior in organizations (pp.31-88). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly. 16: 321-339.
Jones, G. R. (1986). Socialization tactics, self- efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustments to organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 262-279.
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. and C. R. Wanberg. (2003). Unwrapping the Organizational Entry Process: Disentangling Multiple Antecedents and Their Pathways to Adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 779-794.
Kim,T. Y., Hon, A., & Crant, J. M. (2009). Proactive personality, employee creativity, and newcomer outcomes: A longitudinal study. J Bus Psychology, 24, 93-103.
Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of management journal, 42, 58-74.
Kozlowski, S. W., & Hults, B. M. (1987). An exploration of climates for technical updating and performance. Personnel psychology, 40(3), 539-563.
Manz C. C., & Sims. H. P. Jr. (1989). Superleadership, Newyork.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., and Wen, Z. (2004), “In Search of Golden Rules: Comment on Hypothesis-Testing Approaches to Setting Cutoff Values for Fit Indexes and Dangers in Overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's Findings” Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320-41.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality th eories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five factor model of personality. New York: Guilford Press.
McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Miller, V. D., & Jablin, F. M. (1991). Information seeking during organizational entry: Influences tacits, and a model of the process. Academy of Management Review, 16, 92-120.
Morrison, E. W. (1993a). A longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 173-183.
Morrison, E. W. (1993b). A longitudinal study of newcomer information seeking: exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557-589.
Morrison, E. W. (2002). Newcomers’ relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization. Academy of management journal, 45, 1149-1160.
Ng, T. W., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L. & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58, 367-408.
Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of applied psychology, 83, 835-852.
Parker, S. K., & Springg, C. A. (1999). Minimizing strain and maximizing learning: The role of job demands, job control, and proactive personality. Journal of applied psychology, 84, 925-939.
Penley, L. E., & Hawkins, B. (1985). Studying interpersonal communication in organizations: A leadership application. Academy of management journal, 28(2), 309-326.
Pitt, L. F., Ewing, M. T., & Berthon, P. R. (2002). Proactive behavior and Industrial salesforce performance. Industrial marketing management, 31, 639-644.
Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1986). Absenteeism and turnover of hospital employees. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997a). Organizational socialization: making sense of the past and present as a prologue for the future. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 234- 279.
Schuler, R. S. (1979). A role perception transaction process model for organizational communication- outcome relationships. Organizational behavior and human performance, 23, 268-291.
Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M., & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. The journal of applied psychology, 84, 217-416.
Senge, P. M. (1990). Fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. NY: Doubleday.
Spears, L. C. (1995). Reflections on leadership: how Robert L. Greenleaf’s theory of servant- leadership influenced to day’s top management thinkers, New York: John Wiley.
Sylvia, R. D., & Pindur, W. (1978). The role of leadership in norm socialization in voluntary organization. the Journal of psychology, 100, 215-220.
Takahashi, T. and F. Nasser (1996), The Impact of Using Item Parcels on ad hoc Goodness of Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: An Empirical Example, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
Tannenbaum, S. I. (1997). Enhancing continuous learning: Diagnostic findings from multiple companies. Human Resource Management, 36, 437-452.
Thompson, J, A, (2005). Proactive personality and job performance: A social capital perspective. Journal of applied psychology, 90, 1011-1017.
Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E. H. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw(Ed.), Research in organizational behavior, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Wanberg, C. R., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of applied psychology, 85(3), 373-385.
Weiss, H. (1978). Social learning of work values in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology 63, 711-718.
Yukl, G. (1994). Leadership in Organization. Prentice-Hall.
김원형 (1994). 조직동일시 모형: 선행변인, 결과변인관의 관계. 한국산업 및 조직심리학회지 7(1). 55-87.
이동하, 탁진국 (2008). 주도성과 핵심자기평가가 경력성공에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 경력계획을 매개변인으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 21(1), 83-103.
이은경, 탁진국 (2010). 상사의 정서지능이 부하의 조직몰입, 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 리더행동의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23(1), 1-25.
장은주, 박경규, 관선화 (2004). 성별에 따른 개인특성 및 사회지원과 주관적 성공과의 관계. 한국인사 조직학회 발표논문집, 259- 286.
조은현, 탁진국 (2010). 코칭리더십 척도 개발 및 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), 127-155.
황애영, 탁진국 (2010). 주도성이 주관적 경력성공에 미치는 영향: 프로틴(portean)경력지향을 매개변인으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(2), 409-428.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1985). Proactive feedback seeking: The instrumental use of the information environment. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 58: 67-79.
Ashforth, B. E., & Saks, A. M. (1996). Socialization tactics: Longitudinal effects on newcomer adjustment. Academy of management journal, 39(1), 149-178.
Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel psychology, 41, 63-103.
Bales, R. (1958). Task roles and social roles in problem-solving groups. In Maccoby, E. et al., (Eds.). Readings in social psychology. holt rinehart & winston inc: New york, 437-447.
Bandalos and S. J. Finney (2001), Item Parceling Issues in Structural Equation Modeling, in G. A. Marcoulides and R. E. Schumaker (Eds.), New Developments and Techniques in Structural Equation Modeling, 269-296, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 179- 189.
Bass, B. M., &. Avolio, B. J. (1999). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond. Journal of European Industrial Training, 14, 21- 27.
Bateman, T. S., & J. M. Crant. (1993). The Proactive Component of Organizational Behavior: A Measure and Correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior 14: 103-118.
Bauer, T. N., Bodner, T., Erdogan, B., Truxillo, D. M., & Tucker, J. S. (2007). Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: A meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 707-721.
Bauer, T. N., Morrison, E. W., & Callister, R. R. (1998). Organizational socialization: A review and directions for future research. In G. R. Ferris & K. M. Rowland (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Becherer, R. C., & Maurer, J. G. (1999). The proactive personality disposition and entrepreneurial behavior among small company presidents. Journal of small business management, 37, 28-36.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long(Eds.), Testing structural equation model, 136-162. Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chao, G. T., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Major, D. A., & Gardner, P. (1994). The effects of organizational tactics and contextual factors on newcomer socialization and learning outcomes. Paper presented at the ninth annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Nashville, TN.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practices. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, 461-482.
Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of applied psychology, 80, 532-537.
Crant, M. J. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26, 435- 462.
Dansereau, F., Alutto, J. A., Nachman, S. A., Al-Kelabi, S. A. Yammarino, F. J., Newman, J., Naughton, T. J., Lee, S., Markham, S. E., Dumas, M., Kim,, K., & Keller, T. (1995). Individualized leadership: a new multiple-level approach. The leadership Quarterly, 6(3), 413- 450.
Espejo, J., & Day, E. A., & Scott, G. (2005). Performance evaluations, need for cognition, and the acquisition of a complex skill: an attribute-treatment interation. Personality and individual differences, 38(8), 1867-1877.
Fuller, J. B., & Kim, H. (2010). Proactive personality and job performance: Exploring job autonomy as a moderator. Journal of Managerial issues, 22(1), 35-51.
Gribbons, B. C. and D. Hocevar (1998), Levels of Aggregation in Higher Level Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Application for Academic Self-Concept. Structural Equation Modeling, 5, 377-390.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative description of personality: the Big-Five factor structure, Journal of Personality and social psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
Hough, L. M., & Schneider, R. J. (1996). Personality traits, taxonomies, and applications in organizations. In K. R. Murphy (Ed.). Individual differences and behavior in organizations (pp.31-88). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly. 16: 321-339.
Jones, G. R. (1986). Socialization tactics, self- efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustments to organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 262-279.
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. and C. R. Wanberg. (2003). Unwrapping the Organizational Entry Process: Disentangling Multiple Antecedents and Their Pathways to Adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 779-794.
Kim,T. Y., Hon, A., & Crant, J. M. (2009). Proactive personality, employee creativity, and newcomer outcomes: A longitudinal study. J Bus Psychology, 24, 93-103.
Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of management journal, 42, 58-74.
Kozlowski, S. W., & Hults, B. M. (1987). An exploration of climates for technical updating and performance. Personnel psychology, 40(3), 539-563.
Manz C. C., & Sims. H. P. Jr. (1989). Superleadership, Newyork.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., and Wen, Z. (2004), “In Search of Golden Rules: Comment on Hypothesis-Testing Approaches to Setting Cutoff Values for Fit Indexes and Dangers in Overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's Findings” Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320-41.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality th eories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five factor model of personality. New York: Guilford Press.
McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Miller, V. D., & Jablin, F. M. (1991). Information seeking during organizational entry: Influences tacits, and a model of the process. Academy of Management Review, 16, 92-120.
Morrison, E. W. (1993a). A longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 173-183.
Morrison, E. W. (1993b). A longitudinal study of newcomer information seeking: exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557-589.
Morrison, E. W. (2002). Newcomers’ relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization. Academy of management journal, 45, 1149-1160.
Ng, T. W., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L. & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58, 367-408.
Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of applied psychology, 83, 835-852.
Parker, S. K., & Springg, C. A. (1999). Minimizing strain and maximizing learning: The role of job demands, job control, and proactive personality. Journal of applied psychology, 84, 925-939.
Penley, L. E., & Hawkins, B. (1985). Studying interpersonal communication in organizations: A leadership application. Academy of management journal, 28(2), 309-326.
Pitt, L. F., Ewing, M. T., & Berthon, P. R. (2002). Proactive behavior and Industrial salesforce performance. Industrial marketing management, 31, 639-644.
Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1986). Absenteeism and turnover of hospital employees. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997a). Organizational socialization: making sense of the past and present as a prologue for the future. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 234- 279.
Schuler, R. S. (1979). A role perception transaction process model for organizational communication- outcome relationships. Organizational behavior and human performance, 23, 268-291.
Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M., & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. The journal of applied psychology, 84, 217-416.
Senge, P. M. (1990). Fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. NY: Doubleday.
Spears, L. C. (1995). Reflections on leadership: how Robert L. Greenleaf’s theory of servant- leadership influenced to day’s top management thinkers, New York: John Wiley.
Sylvia, R. D., & Pindur, W. (1978). The role of leadership in norm socialization in voluntary organization. the Journal of psychology, 100, 215-220.
Takahashi, T. and F. Nasser (1996), The Impact of Using Item Parcels on ad hoc Goodness of Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: An Empirical Example, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
Tannenbaum, S. I. (1997). Enhancing continuous learning: Diagnostic findings from multiple companies. Human Resource Management, 36, 437-452.
Thompson, J, A, (2005). Proactive personality and job performance: A social capital perspective. Journal of applied psychology, 90, 1011-1017.
Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E. H. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw(Ed.), Research in organizational behavior, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Wanberg, C. R., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of applied psychology, 85(3), 373-385.
Weiss, H. (1978). Social learning of work values in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology 63, 711-718.
Yukl, G. (1994). Leadership in Organization. Prentice-Hall.