The Influences of Self-Improvement Motivation and Obsessive Self-Improvement on Psychological State of Undergraduate Student
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the phenomenon of ‘SPEC pursuit’ in psychological aspect. In study 1, ‘SPEC pursuit’ was redefined as 'self-development', and self-development motivation (promoting, preventive) scale and obsessive self-development scale were developed to measure it. These three self-development scales (promoting, prophylactic, and obsessive) showed logically valid correlations with the regulatory focus scale (promoting, preventing), goal orientation scale (learning, performancel), worry and obsessive-compulsive scale. Study 2 was conducted to confirm the effect of three self-development on psychological variables related to career and employment (job anxiety, career maturity, career decision-making, career preparation behavior, internal prejudice, life satisfaction). As a result, the positive effect of the promotional self-development and the negative effect of the obsessive self-development were supported. On the other hand, the negative effect of preventive self-development, which was assumed to have a negative effect, was not observed. It is expected that the tools and results developed in this study will be used for desirable self-development guidance and counseling for students.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub.
Aziz, S., Uhrich, B., Wuensch, K. L., & Swords, B. (2013). The Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire: Emphasizing Work-Life Imbalance and Addiction in the Measurement of Workaholism. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 14(2), 71-86. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Workaholism-Analysis-Questionnaire%3A-Emphasizing-Aziz-Uhrich/785f14b39d30027564a5f308e136879af62cd8a0
Ban, J. S. (2014). A Study on the Causal Relationship between Job-Seeking and Performance in Organizations. Graduate School of Korea University. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=e7ff8422b8642a01ffe0bdc3ef48d419
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221129.n6
Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty. John Wiley & Sons.
Button, S. B., Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1996). Goal orientation in organizational research: A conceptual and empirical foundation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(1), 26-48. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.0063
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: a control-process view. Psychological Review, 97(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19
Chae, C. G. (2012). “4년제 대학생의 스펙 쌓기 실태”. KRIVET Issue Brief, 16, 1-4.
Chang, S. M. (1991). A Study on the Standardization of Career Maturity Inventory(RR91-05). Korean Educational Development Institute.
Cho, G. P. (2008). A Study of Development and Validation of the Job-Seeking Anxiety Test for University Students. Journal of Education, 46(2), 53-75. Retrieved from http://scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr/searchDetail.laf?barcode=4050025403449
Chung, M. J. (2014). The Study of the Effects of Inferiority, Employment Anxiety and Satisfaction in Major on the Employment Preparation Behavior of the Undergraduates majoring in Airline Service. Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, 26(7), 335-354. Retrieved from https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02490037
Crites, J. O. (1978). Manual for the career maturity inventory for adults. Monterey, CA: CTB/McGraw-HiU.
Fellner, B., Holler, M., Kirchler, E., & Schabmann, A. (2007). Regulatory focus scale (RFS): Development of a scale to record dispositional regulatory focus. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.66.2.109
Fuqua, D. R., Newman, J. L., & Seaworth, T. B. (1988). Relation of state and trait anxiety to different components of career indecision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.35.2.154
Gorman, C. A., Meriac, J. P., Overstreet, B. L., Apodaca, S., McIntyre, A. L., Park, P., & Godbey, J. N. (2012). A meta-analysis of the regulatory focus nomological network: Work-related antecedents and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.005
Han, S. M. (1997). Social network and life satisfaction of the people with disability. Graduate School of The Catholic University. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T7897470
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60381-0
Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., & Friedman, R. (1997). Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 515-525. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.515
Iem, Y. S. (2018). Anxiety Experiences in the Youth through the Gaze of University Students. Journal of Democracy and Human Rights, 18(1), 105-152. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07414336
Jang, S. Y. (2013). A study on the ‘spec-building’ experiences of large company employees who graduated from 4-year-course universities in the capital area. Graduate School of Seoul National University. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=225b4d2de7a5c9ddffe0bdc3ef48d419
Jo, H. I., & Oh, H. S. (2011). The Effects of Regulatory Focus and Cognitive Expectancy on Career Exploration Activities. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(2), 123-143. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06661682
Jo, M. J. (2010). The Effects of Career Maturity of College Students on Job-Seeking Anxiety and Stress. The Study of Job & Employment Service, 5(2), 47-60. Retrieved from http://m.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=1a0202e37d52c72d&control_no=8714d48db3af2c3bffe0bdc3ef48d419
Job Korea (2016. 8. 22). 월 평균 자기계발비 대학생 17.5만원, 직장인 22.9만원지출. Retrieved from https://m.jobkorea.co.kr/GoodJob/Tip/View?News_No=10875&schCtgr=0&TS_XML=
Jung, H. M. (2016). Study on College Students' Perception on Self-Development. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 16(4), 575-596. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09030169
Jung, U. S., & No, A. Y. (2001). Study of the relations among job-seeking stress, depression, self-esteem and physical health of university student. 전남대학교 학생생활연구, 33(12), 85-101.
Kang, M. Y. (2012). Moderation Effects of Career Decision-making self-efficacy, Job seeking activity, Spec 5 activity, on the relation of Job Preparing Stress and the Adjustment to College of University Students. Graduate School of Chonnam National University. http://riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=147d9d5805d54ab7ffe0bdc3ef48d419
Kim, B. W., & Kim, K. H. (1997). Career Decision Level and Career Preparation Behavior of the College Students. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(1), 311-333. Retrieved from https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06369224
Kim, B. W., Jung, C. Y., & Kim, B. S. (2006). School Career Counseling (2nd ed.). Seoul: Hakjisa.
Kim, H. Y., & Lee, D. G. (2009). The Relation Between Employees` Motivation for Self-Development and Psychological Well-Being. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 261-293. https;//doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.22.2.200905.261
Kim, J. W., & Min, B. M. (1998). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Problem Orientation in Worry. The Korean Psychological Association, 83-92. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06375940
Kim, K. H. (2002). The Psychological Perspectives of Addictive Behaviors. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 7(2), 159-179. Retrieved from https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06368502
Kim, K. H. (2007). A Way to Overcome Addiction the Modern Dungeon. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 12(4), 677-693. https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2007.12.4.001
Kim, K. H. (2007). A Way to Overcome Addiction the Modern Dungeon. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 12(4), 677-693. https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2007.12.4.001
Kim, K. S., Kim, N. J., & Oh, S. I. (2017). Self-Development and the Quality of Life Among University Students in Korea. The Journal of Social Science, 24(2), 259-294. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07226234
Kim, S. H. (2012). 'Qualification-Building' of College Students: Human Capital Investment or Symbolic Capital Acquisition. The Korean Sociological Association, 97-108. Retrieved from https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02087893
Kim, Y. H., Yoo, S. K., & Lim, J. S. (2011). The Mediating Effects of Attitudes toward Multiple Role Planning and Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Career Orientation and Life-Satisfaction among Korean Female College Students. Studies on Korean Youth, 22(4), 161-185. Retrieved from https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01736609#
Ko, G. P., & Sim, M. Y. (2014). The Structural Relation of Self-efficacy, Job Stress, Career Maturity and Career Preparation Behavior of College Students. The Journal of Career Education Research, 27(1), 19-38. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02452631
Korea Labor & Income Panel Study (2014). Retrieved from https://www.kli.re.kr/klips.
Lee, B. H., Du, X., Rhee, E., J., Jang, S. H., Jung, S. H., & Lee, S. M. (2013). The Mediation Effect of Career Decision-Making Styles in the Relationship between College Students` Trait Anxiety and Career Indecision. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(2), 1383-1400. http://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.2.201304.1383
Lee, J. I. (2014). Resume and Labor Market Performance of job Applicants. Graduate School of Han-yang University. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=bf3f350da3d2ab12ffe0bdc3ef48d419
Lee, J. K., & Kim, D. I. (2004). Employment Preparation Behavior of the College Students: Focused on the Psychological Differences. Korean Counseling Association, 5(4), 993-1016. Retrieved from https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001162614
Lee, J. M. (2008). Educational Expenditure and Rates of Return to Higher Education (RR2008-15). Korean Educational Development Institute.
Lee, M. S. (2003). Analysis of Relationship among Career Self-Efficacy, Career Barriers Perception, and Career Preparation Behavior of College Students. Graduate School of Jeon-ju University. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=ef9d9601c2b285f6
Lee, Y. K., & Kang, K. H. (2011). The Analysis About Employment Stress and Career Decision Efficacy of Undergraduates - In Focus of Engineering and Social Science Colleges. Journal of Engineering Education Research, 14(2), 60-67. http://doi.org/10.18108/jeer.2011.14.2.60
Lim, Y. J. (2012). Efficacy of positive psychotherapy on college students with major depressive disorder. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 679-692. http://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.3.003003
Marlatt, G. A., Baer, J. S., Donovan, D. M., & Kivlahan, D. R. (1988). Addictive behaviors: Etiology and treatment. Annual Review of Psychology, 39(1), 223-252. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.001255
McGee, M. (2005). Self-help, Inc.: Makeover culture in American life. Oxford University Press on Demand. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171242.001.0001
National Language Institute (2004). 신어자료집.
Neubert, M. J., Kacmar, K. M., Carlson, D. S., Chonko, L. B., & Roberts, J. A. (2008). Regulatory focus as a mediator of the influence of initiating structure and servant leadership on employee behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012695
Oh, C. H. (2011). Age of anxiety, survival strategies for university students in their twenties. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of So-Gang University. Retrieved from http://riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=2d36a85806b1af2dffe0bdc3ef48d419
Oh, E. J. (2014). Effect of Trait Anxiety on College Students` Career Preparation Behavior : The Mediating Effects of Career Decision Making Self – Efficacy. The Journal of Career Education Research, 27(2), 85-107. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02441063
Oh, H. Y. (2013). “Employment SPECS of Envy Workplace and Policy Project of College Graduates”. The HRD Review, 16(2), 78-101. Retrieved from https://www.krivet.re.kr/repository/handle/201303/13753
Park, S. M. (2013). The influence of college students' career maturity on their job-seeking stress: the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Graduate School of Kyung-Sung University. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=8d653ad1130dfdb9ffe0bdc3ef48d419
Roseman, I. J., Spindel, M. S., & Jose, P. E. (1990). Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 899. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.899
Seligman, M. E. (2004). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon and Schuster.
Shin, J. M., Lea, E. K., & Yang, N. M. (2015). The Effects of Career Calling on Career Decision-making Self-efficacy and Life-satisfaction in College Students. Journal of Social Science, 54(1), 169-194. https://doi.org/10.22418/jss.2015.06.54.1.169
Shin, K. Y., & Moon, S. Y. (2014). Social Class, Gender and Shadow Education in South Korea. Korean Journal of Labor Studies, 20(1), 31-64. http://doi.org/10.17005/kals.2014.20.1.31
Shin, M. S., & Seol, S. H. (2007). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 7(1), 17-40. Retrieved from https://www.earticle.net/Article/A56047
So, Y. J., & Park, J. S. (2016). The Influence of University Students’ job-seeking stress on career maturity in university adjustment: Focusing on the mediating effect of job-seeking anxiety. Journal of Employment and Career, 6(4), 23-44. http://doi.org/10.35273/jec.2016.6.4.002
Super, D. E. (1953). A theory of vocational development. American Psychologist, 8(5), 185. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0056046
Turner, M. J., Allen, M. S., Slater, M. J., Barker, J. B., Woodcock, C., Harwood, C. G., & McFayden, K. (2016). The development and initial validation of the irrational performance beliefs inventory (iPBI). European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 34(3), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000314
Wilhelm, S., & Steketee, G. S. (2006). Cognitive therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder : a guide for professionals (Shin, M. S., Seol, S. H., & Kwon, J. S., Trans.). Seoul: Sigmapress. (Original work published in 2006)
Yang, O. G. (1994). Development of a Scale to Measure Life Satisfaction. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 24, 157-198. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07237941
Yang, Y., & Kim, E. S. (2008). The effect of chronic/situational regulatory focus and task performance feedback on consumer affect. The Korea Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology. 9(3), 407-433. http://doi.org/10.21074/kjlcap.2008.9.3.407
Yoon, J. Y., Choi, S. H., & Hur, T. K. (2013). The Development and Validation of the Leisure Obsession Scale. Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issues, 19(2), 235-257. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06373941&language=ko_KR
Yun, S. M., & Kang, J. R. (2013). The Effects of a Strengths-Based Career Counseling Program on Elementary School Children's Career Maturity and Achievement Motivation. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 13(1), 103-123. Retrieved from http://scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr/searchDetail.laf?barcode=4010026142569