Exploration of the structure of global mindset competency and development of global mindset index
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to (1) investigate the structure of global mindset competency, (2) develop a global mindset competency scale with index and (3) examine the validity of the scale. The list of 62 behavioral descriptions of global mindset extracted through FGI and literature review were administered to a sample of 380 incumbents of 16 companies and 372 students of 20 colleges in order to measure their level of each competency behavior. The results of 1st & 2nd exploratory factor analysis on the global mindset indicated that the competency model of global mindset consists of 2 dimensions(conceptualization, contextualization) and 7 factors(openness, strategic thinking, cosmo-convergence mind, diversity seeking, foreign understanding, self-directed adaptability, consideration), and this structure was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The final scale of global mindset competency was composed of 42 behavioral descriptions of global mindset. Most of the factors of global mindset competency were also shown to have criterion related validity (.07 ∼ .62) with various criteria such as experience of overseas residence, participation in the program for improving foreign language proficiency, relatives living abroad, global competency, global identity etc. Futhermore, the results of step-wise multiple regression analysis showed that 4 factors of cosmo-convergence mind, strategic thinking, diversity seeking, self-directed adaptability were significant predictors on the criterion of global identity, while foreign understanding, diversity seeking, and self-directed adaptability were the significant predictors on the global competency. The incremental validity of these 7 factors of the global mind scale on both global identity and global competency was significant, indicating the possibility of the use of the scale in the selection, training or performance appraisal process. Finally, the limitation and future direction of the present study were discussed.
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Lee, H., Kim, M., & Han, Y. (2011). Exploration of the structure of global mindset competency and development of global mindset index. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 24(3), 493–521. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v24i3.493-521
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Empirical Articles
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References
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CNB뉴스 (2010). 대기업이 찾는 인재는? 첫째 세계인, 둘째 창조인. 2010년 7월 21일. http://news.cnbnews.com/category/read.html?bcode=120343
이효미, 곽호철, 서영진, 김인향, 박민수, 김명소 (2008). 글로벌 마인드 역량의 구성개념 탐색. 한국산업 및 조직심리학회. 춘계학술대회.
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Bartlett, C. A. & Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing across borders: The transnational solution. Boston, MA, The Harvard Business School Press.
Bartunek, C. A., Gordon, J. R., & Weathersby, R. P. (1983). Developing complicated understanding in administrators. Academy of Management Review, 8(2), 273-284.
Beechler, S., Taylor, S., Boyacigiller, N., & Levy, O. (1999). Building global mindset for competitive advantage: A conceptual integration of global mindset, international human resource management, and organizational performance in multinational corporations. Proceedings of Academy of Management Annual Meeting(12-13 August). Chicago.
Bouquet C., Morrisson A., & Birkinshaw, J. (2003). Determinants and performance implications of global mindset: an attention-based perspective. Research Paper 30, London Business School.
Boyacigiller, N., Beechler, S., Taylor, S., & Levy, O. (2004). The crucial yet elusive global mindset. In Lane, H., W., Mendenhall, M. E., Maznevski, M. L., & McNett, J. editors, Handbook of Global Management: A Guide to Managing Complexity. Oxford: Blackwell.
Caligiuri, P. & Santo, D. V. (2001). Global competence: what is it, and can it be developed through global assignments?, Human Resource Planning, 24(3). 27-35.
Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (2004). Communication among cultural diversities: A dialogue. International and Intercultural Communication Annual, 27, 3-16.
Chen, G. M. (2005). A model of global communication competence. China Media Research, 1(1), 3-11.
Dekker, W., Jason, P. G. W., & Vinkenburg, C. J. (2005). Dimensions of an individual global mindset. Series Research Memoranda, 14, 1-29.
Doz, Y. L. & Prahalad, C. K. (1991). Managing DMNCs: A search for a new paradigm. Strategic Management Journal, 12(s1): 145-164.
Estienne, M. (1997). Information-processing theory and the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(3): 341-368.
Ghoshal, S., Arnzen, B., & Brownfield, S. (1992). A learning alliance between business and business schools: Executive education as a platform for partnership. California Management Review, 35(1), 50-67.
Govindarajan, V. & Gupta, A. K. (2001). The quest for global dominance: Transforming global presence into global competitive advantage. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gupta, A. K. & Govindarajan, V. (2002). Cultivating a global mindset. The Academy of Management Executive, 16(1): 116-126.
Hannerz, U. (1996). Cosmopolitans and locals in world culture. Transnational Connections: Culture, People, Places. London: Rutledge.
Harveston, P. D., Kedia, B. L., & Davis, P. S. (2000). Internationalization of born global and gradual globalizing firms: the impact of the manager. Advances in Competitiveness Research, 8(1), 92-99.
Hett, E. J. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure global-mindedness (Doctoral dissertation, University of San Diego, 1993). Dissertation Abstracts International, 54, 3724.
Jeannet, J. P. (2000). Managing with a global mindset. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall, Pearson.
Kanter, R. M. (1995). World class: Thriving locally in the global economy. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Kedia, B. L. & Mukherji, A. (1999). Global managers: Developing a mindset for global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 34(3), 230-251.
Kefalas, A. G. (1998). Think globally, act locally. Thunderbird International Business Review, 40(6), 547-562.
Kefalas, A. G. & Neuland, E. W. (1997). Global mindsets: An exploratory study. Paper presented at Annual Conference of the Academy of International Business, Monterrey, Mexico.
Kefalas. A. G., & Weatherly, E. W. (1999). Global mindset among college students in the United States and Elsewhere: Are we growing a globally minded workforce?, Southwest Review International Business Research, 25.
Korbin, S. J. (1994). Is there a relationship between a geocentric mind-set and multinational strategy? Journal of International Business Studies, 25(3), 493-511.
Lawthong N.(2003). A development of the global-mindset scale in Thai socio-cultural context. Journal of Institutional Research Southeast Asia, 1(2), 57-70.
Lee, San Seub. (2004). A needs analysis from the perspective of korean expatriates working for a korean global corporation. PhD, The university of Texas at Austin.
Levy, O., Beechler, S., Taylor, S., & Boyacigiller, N. A. (2007). What we talk about when we talk about “Global mindset”: Managerial cognition in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 231–258.
Lyles, M. A. (1990) A research agenda for strategic management in the 1990s. Journal of Management Studies, 27(4), 363-375.
Marquardt, M. J., Berger N., & Loan, P. (2004). HRD in the age of globalization: A practical guide to workplace learning in the third millenium. New York: Basic Books.
Maznevski, M. L., & Lane, H. W. (2003). Shaping the global mindset: designing educational experiences for effective global thinking and action. In Boyacigiller, N. A., Goodman, R. A., & Phillips M. E. editors, Crossing Cultures: Insights from Master Teachers. London: Routledge.
McCall, M. W. & Holleneck, G. P. (2002). Developing global executives. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Murtha, T., Lenway, S., & Bagozzi, R. P. (1998). Gloal mind-sets and cognitive shift in a complex multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal, 19(2), 97-114.
Nummela, N., Saarenketo, S., & Puumalainen, K. (2004). A global mindset- a prerequisite for successful internationalization? Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 21(1), 51-64.
O'Hara, M. & Johansen, R. (1994). Global work: Bridging distance, culture and time. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Olson, C. L. & Kroeger, K. R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5(2), 116-137.
Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business, 4(1), 9-18.
Pucik, V. & Saba, T. (1998). Selecting and developing the global versus the expatriate manager: A review of the state-of-the-art. Human Resource Planning, 21(4), 40-54.
Rhinesmith, S. H. (1992). Global mindsets for global managers. Training and Development, 46(10), 63-69.
Rhinesmith, S. H. (1993). A manager's guide to globalization: Six keys to success in a changing world. Chicago: Irwin.
Streufert, S. & Swezey, R. W. (1986). Complexity, managers and organizations. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Tichy, N. M,, Brimm, M., Charan, R., & Takeuchi, H. (1992). Leadership development as a lever for global transformation. In Pucik, Vladimir, Noel M. Tichy, and C. Barnett, editors, Globalizing Management: Creating and Leading the Competitive Organization. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Van der Zee, K. I. & Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2001). The multicultural personality questionnaire: Reliability and validity of self-and other ratings of multicultural effectiveness. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 283-287.
Vertovec, S. & R. Cohen. (2002a). Conceiving cosmopolitanism: Theory, context, and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
김주환, 김민규, 홍세희 (2009). 구조방정식모형으로 논문쓰기. 커뮤니케이션북스(주).
박소연, 송영수 (2008). 기업의 글로벌 인재육성(HRD)을 위한 글로벌 비즈니스 역량 분석-기업과 대학생의 인식을 중심으로. 인력개발연구, 10(3), 65-85.
박재호 (1997). 글로벌리제이션의 핵심역량에 관한 연구: Competency category를 중심으로. 인문연구, 19(1). 177-208.
서울경제신문 (2006). 잡코리아 217개사 설문 “글로벌 인재 채용” 27%. 2006년 10월 30일. http://economy.hankooki.com/lpage/news/ 200610/e2006103016393570300.htm
CNB뉴스 (2010). 대기업이 찾는 인재는? 첫째 세계인, 둘째 창조인. 2010년 7월 21일. http://news.cnbnews.com/category/read.html?bcode=120343
이효미, 곽호철, 서영진, 김인향, 박민수, 김명소 (2008). 글로벌 마인드 역량의 구성개념 탐색. 한국산업 및 조직심리학회. 춘계학술대회.
조선일보 (2010). 영어면접, 점수가 아닌 실력으로 어필하라. 2010년 10월 6일. http:// edu.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/10/06/2010100600781.html
Arora, A., Jaju, A., Kefalas, A. G., & Perenich, T. (2004). An exploratory analysis of global managerial mindsets: A case of U.S. textile and apparel industry. Journal of International Management, 10(3): 393-411.
Bartlett, C. A. & Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing across borders: The transnational solution. Boston, MA, The Harvard Business School Press.
Bartunek, C. A., Gordon, J. R., & Weathersby, R. P. (1983). Developing complicated understanding in administrators. Academy of Management Review, 8(2), 273-284.
Beechler, S., Taylor, S., Boyacigiller, N., & Levy, O. (1999). Building global mindset for competitive advantage: A conceptual integration of global mindset, international human resource management, and organizational performance in multinational corporations. Proceedings of Academy of Management Annual Meeting(12-13 August). Chicago.
Bouquet C., Morrisson A., & Birkinshaw, J. (2003). Determinants and performance implications of global mindset: an attention-based perspective. Research Paper 30, London Business School.
Boyacigiller, N., Beechler, S., Taylor, S., & Levy, O. (2004). The crucial yet elusive global mindset. In Lane, H., W., Mendenhall, M. E., Maznevski, M. L., & McNett, J. editors, Handbook of Global Management: A Guide to Managing Complexity. Oxford: Blackwell.
Caligiuri, P. & Santo, D. V. (2001). Global competence: what is it, and can it be developed through global assignments?, Human Resource Planning, 24(3). 27-35.
Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (2004). Communication among cultural diversities: A dialogue. International and Intercultural Communication Annual, 27, 3-16.
Chen, G. M. (2005). A model of global communication competence. China Media Research, 1(1), 3-11.
Dekker, W., Jason, P. G. W., & Vinkenburg, C. J. (2005). Dimensions of an individual global mindset. Series Research Memoranda, 14, 1-29.
Doz, Y. L. & Prahalad, C. K. (1991). Managing DMNCs: A search for a new paradigm. Strategic Management Journal, 12(s1): 145-164.
Estienne, M. (1997). Information-processing theory and the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(3): 341-368.
Ghoshal, S., Arnzen, B., & Brownfield, S. (1992). A learning alliance between business and business schools: Executive education as a platform for partnership. California Management Review, 35(1), 50-67.
Govindarajan, V. & Gupta, A. K. (2001). The quest for global dominance: Transforming global presence into global competitive advantage. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gupta, A. K. & Govindarajan, V. (2002). Cultivating a global mindset. The Academy of Management Executive, 16(1): 116-126.
Hannerz, U. (1996). Cosmopolitans and locals in world culture. Transnational Connections: Culture, People, Places. London: Rutledge.
Harveston, P. D., Kedia, B. L., & Davis, P. S. (2000). Internationalization of born global and gradual globalizing firms: the impact of the manager. Advances in Competitiveness Research, 8(1), 92-99.
Hett, E. J. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure global-mindedness (Doctoral dissertation, University of San Diego, 1993). Dissertation Abstracts International, 54, 3724.
Jeannet, J. P. (2000). Managing with a global mindset. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall, Pearson.
Kanter, R. M. (1995). World class: Thriving locally in the global economy. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Kedia, B. L. & Mukherji, A. (1999). Global managers: Developing a mindset for global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 34(3), 230-251.
Kefalas, A. G. (1998). Think globally, act locally. Thunderbird International Business Review, 40(6), 547-562.
Kefalas, A. G. & Neuland, E. W. (1997). Global mindsets: An exploratory study. Paper presented at Annual Conference of the Academy of International Business, Monterrey, Mexico.
Kefalas. A. G., & Weatherly, E. W. (1999). Global mindset among college students in the United States and Elsewhere: Are we growing a globally minded workforce?, Southwest Review International Business Research, 25.
Korbin, S. J. (1994). Is there a relationship between a geocentric mind-set and multinational strategy? Journal of International Business Studies, 25(3), 493-511.
Lawthong N.(2003). A development of the global-mindset scale in Thai socio-cultural context. Journal of Institutional Research Southeast Asia, 1(2), 57-70.
Lee, San Seub. (2004). A needs analysis from the perspective of korean expatriates working for a korean global corporation. PhD, The university of Texas at Austin.
Levy, O., Beechler, S., Taylor, S., & Boyacigiller, N. A. (2007). What we talk about when we talk about “Global mindset”: Managerial cognition in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 231–258.
Lyles, M. A. (1990) A research agenda for strategic management in the 1990s. Journal of Management Studies, 27(4), 363-375.
Marquardt, M. J., Berger N., & Loan, P. (2004). HRD in the age of globalization: A practical guide to workplace learning in the third millenium. New York: Basic Books.
Maznevski, M. L., & Lane, H. W. (2003). Shaping the global mindset: designing educational experiences for effective global thinking and action. In Boyacigiller, N. A., Goodman, R. A., & Phillips M. E. editors, Crossing Cultures: Insights from Master Teachers. London: Routledge.
McCall, M. W. & Holleneck, G. P. (2002). Developing global executives. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Murtha, T., Lenway, S., & Bagozzi, R. P. (1998). Gloal mind-sets and cognitive shift in a complex multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal, 19(2), 97-114.
Nummela, N., Saarenketo, S., & Puumalainen, K. (2004). A global mindset- a prerequisite for successful internationalization? Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 21(1), 51-64.
O'Hara, M. & Johansen, R. (1994). Global work: Bridging distance, culture and time. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Olson, C. L. & Kroeger, K. R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5(2), 116-137.
Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business, 4(1), 9-18.
Pucik, V. & Saba, T. (1998). Selecting and developing the global versus the expatriate manager: A review of the state-of-the-art. Human Resource Planning, 21(4), 40-54.
Rhinesmith, S. H. (1992). Global mindsets for global managers. Training and Development, 46(10), 63-69.
Rhinesmith, S. H. (1993). A manager's guide to globalization: Six keys to success in a changing world. Chicago: Irwin.
Streufert, S. & Swezey, R. W. (1986). Complexity, managers and organizations. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Tichy, N. M,, Brimm, M., Charan, R., & Takeuchi, H. (1992). Leadership development as a lever for global transformation. In Pucik, Vladimir, Noel M. Tichy, and C. Barnett, editors, Globalizing Management: Creating and Leading the Competitive Organization. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Van der Zee, K. I. & Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2001). The multicultural personality questionnaire: Reliability and validity of self-and other ratings of multicultural effectiveness. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 283-287.
Vertovec, S. & R. Cohen. (2002a). Conceiving cosmopolitanism: Theory, context, and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.