The self-assessment accuracy and its relationship with performance and individual characteristics
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Feb 28, 2011
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of self-assessment accuracy on individual performance. The self-assessment accuracy was defined as the degree of agreement between self- and other-assessments. A total of 158 subjects assessed themselves and others in their groups on the extent to which they actively participate in their group-based task. Following the method of Atwater and Yammarino (1997), subjects were classified into four groups. Individuals assessed as high by self and others, low by self and others, high by self and low by others, and low by self and high by others were categorized as in-agreement/high assessors, in-agreement/low assessors, over-estimators, and under-estimators, respectively. To test the hypothesis that in-agreement/high assessors will show greater performance than in-agreement/low assessors, over-estimators, and under-estimators, one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc analysies were used. The results showed that in-agreement/high assessors showed greater performance (i.e., final record) than in-agreement/low assessors and over-estimators, and so the hypothesis was partially supported. In addition, this study tested the hypotheses that in-agreement/high assessors will show better indices in such individual characteristics as internal locus of control, self-esteem, self-efficacy, conscientiousness, and neuroticism than in-agreement/low assessors, over-estimators, and under-estimators. The results showed that in-agreement/high assessors showed higher self-efficacy and conscientiousness than in-agreement/low assessors, and so the hypotheses were partially supported.
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Roh, Y., & Sohn, Y. (2011). The self-assessment accuracy and its relationship with performance and individual characteristics. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v24i1.103-126
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Empirical Articles
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References
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이영호 (1993). 귀인양식, 생활사건, 사건귀인 및 무망감과 우울의 관계: 공변량 구조모형을 통한 분석. 서울대학교 박사학위 청구논문
장재윤 (1999). 연구개발 관리자에 대한 다면평가의 일치도 및 수행과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 12(1), 31-53.
Ashford, S. (1989). Self-assessments in organizations: A literature review and integrative model. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol.11, pp.134-174). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Atwater, L., & Yammarino, F. J. (1992). Does self-other agreement on leadership perceptions moderate the validity of leadership and performance predictions? Personnel Psychology, 45, 141-164.
Atwater, L., & Yammarino, F. J. (1997). Self-other agreement: a review and model. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 15, 121-174.
Atwater, L., Ostroff, C., Yammarino, F. J., & Fleenor, J. W. (1998). Self-other agreement: Does it really matter? Personnel Psychology, 51, 577-598.
Atwater, L., Roush, P., & Fischthal, A. (1995). The influence of upward feedback on self and follower ratings of leadership. Personnel Psychology, 48, 35-59.
Baird, L. (1977). Self and superior ratings of performance: As related to self-esteem and satisfaction with supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 20, 291-300.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive view. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
Bass, B. & Yammarino, F. J. (1991). Congruence of self and others' leadership ratings of naval officers for understanding successful performance. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 40, 437-454.
Bass, B. (1990). Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press.
Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation if a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Method, 4, 62-83.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316-336.
Colvin, C. R., Bolck, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152-1162.
Fahr, J. L., & Dobbins, G. H. (1989). Effects of self-esteem on leniency bias in self-reports of performance: A structural equation model anaklysis. Personnel Psychology, 42, 835-850.
Fry, P. (1976). Success, failure, and self-assessment ratings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 413-419.
Glimor, T., & Reid, D. (1978). Locus of control, prediction and performance on university examinations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 565-566.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In Merviedle, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F Ostendorf(Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe(Vol. 7, pp.7-28). Tilburg University Press: The Netherlands.
Greenwald, A. G. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist, 35, 603-618.
Harris, M., & Schaubroeck, J. (1988). A meta -analysis if self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings. Personnel Psychology, 41, 43-61.
Hoffman, G. (1923). An experiment in self- estimation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 18, 43-49.
Hurtz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The big five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869-879.
Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books.
John, O. P., & Robins, R.W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of Narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.
Judge, T. A., Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J., & Barrick, M. R. (1999). The big five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52, 621-652.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19, 151-188.
Kernis, M., & Waschull, S. B. (1995). The interactive roles of stability and level of self-esteem: Research and theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 93-141.
Korman, A. K. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 31-41.
Lepper, M., Ross, L., & Lau, R. (1986). Persistence of inaccurate beliefs about the self: perseverance effects in the classroom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 482-491.
Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt(Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct: Assessment methods, vol. 1 (pp.15-63). New York: Academic Press.
Mabe, P., & West, S. (1982). Validity of self-evaluation of ability: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 280-296.
Muchinsky, P. M. (2006). Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Thomson Learning, Inc.
Paulhaus, D. L. (1986). Self-deception and impression management in self-reports. In A. Angleitner & J. S. Wiggins (Eds.), Personality assessment via questionnaire. New York: Spronger-Verlag.
Podsakoff, P., & Organ, D. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.
Robins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 340-352.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and adolescent self- image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sackheim, H. (1983). Self-deception, self-esteem and depression: The adaptive value of lying to oneself. In J. Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies of psychoanalytic theories (pp.101-157).
Salgado, J. F. (1997). The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 30-43.
Smircich, L., & Chesser, R. (1981). Superiors' and subordinates' perceptions of performance: Beyond disagreement. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 198-205.
Steger, J., Simmons, W., & Lavelle, S. (1973). Accuracy of prediction of own performance as a function of locus of control. Psychological Reports, 33, 59-62.
Taylor, S., & Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
Taylor, S., & Brown, J. (1994). Positive illusion and well-being revusuted: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 21-27.
Thornton, G. (1980). Psychometric properties of self-appraisal of job performance. Personnel Psychology, 33, 262-271.
Tokar, D. M., Fisher, A. R., & Subich, L. M. (1998). Personality and vocational behavior: A selective review of the literature, 1993-1997. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53, 115-153.
Tornow, W. W. (1993). Perceptions or reality: Is multi-perspective measurement a means or an end? Human Resource Management, 32, 221-230.
Van Velsor, E., Taylor, S., & Leslie, J. (1992). Self/rater agreement, self-awareness and leadership effectiveness. Paper presented at the annual meeting of th American Psychological Association, Washington DC.
Wells, L. E., & Sweeny, P. D. (1986). A test of three models of bias in self-assessment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, 1-10.
Wohlers, A., & London, M. (1989). Ratings of managerial characteristics: Evaluation difficulty, coo-worker agreement, and self-awareness. Personnel Psychology, 42, 235-261.
Yammarino, F., & Atwater, L. (1993). Understanding self-perception accuracy: Implications for Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management, 32, 231-247.
Yammarino, F., & Atwater, L. (1997). Do managers see themselves as others see them? Implications of self-other rating agreement for human resources management. Organizational Dynamics, 25(4), 35-44.
신혜은, Bjorklund, D. F., (2005). 아동의 자기과대평가의 적응적 가치, 한국심리학회지: 발달, 18(4), 35-49.
이영호 (1993). 귀인양식, 생활사건, 사건귀인 및 무망감과 우울의 관계: 공변량 구조모형을 통한 분석. 서울대학교 박사학위 청구논문
장재윤 (1999). 연구개발 관리자에 대한 다면평가의 일치도 및 수행과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 12(1), 31-53.
Ashford, S. (1989). Self-assessments in organizations: A literature review and integrative model. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol.11, pp.134-174). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Atwater, L., & Yammarino, F. J. (1992). Does self-other agreement on leadership perceptions moderate the validity of leadership and performance predictions? Personnel Psychology, 45, 141-164.
Atwater, L., & Yammarino, F. J. (1997). Self-other agreement: a review and model. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 15, 121-174.
Atwater, L., Ostroff, C., Yammarino, F. J., & Fleenor, J. W. (1998). Self-other agreement: Does it really matter? Personnel Psychology, 51, 577-598.
Atwater, L., Roush, P., & Fischthal, A. (1995). The influence of upward feedback on self and follower ratings of leadership. Personnel Psychology, 48, 35-59.
Baird, L. (1977). Self and superior ratings of performance: As related to self-esteem and satisfaction with supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 20, 291-300.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive view. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
Bass, B. & Yammarino, F. J. (1991). Congruence of self and others' leadership ratings of naval officers for understanding successful performance. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 40, 437-454.
Bass, B. (1990). Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press.
Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation if a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Method, 4, 62-83.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316-336.
Colvin, C. R., Bolck, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152-1162.
Fahr, J. L., & Dobbins, G. H. (1989). Effects of self-esteem on leniency bias in self-reports of performance: A structural equation model anaklysis. Personnel Psychology, 42, 835-850.
Fry, P. (1976). Success, failure, and self-assessment ratings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 413-419.
Glimor, T., & Reid, D. (1978). Locus of control, prediction and performance on university examinations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 565-566.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In Merviedle, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F Ostendorf(Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe(Vol. 7, pp.7-28). Tilburg University Press: The Netherlands.
Greenwald, A. G. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist, 35, 603-618.
Harris, M., & Schaubroeck, J. (1988). A meta -analysis if self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings. Personnel Psychology, 41, 43-61.
Hoffman, G. (1923). An experiment in self- estimation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 18, 43-49.
Hurtz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The big five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869-879.
Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books.
John, O. P., & Robins, R.W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of Narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.
Judge, T. A., Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J., & Barrick, M. R. (1999). The big five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52, 621-652.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19, 151-188.
Kernis, M., & Waschull, S. B. (1995). The interactive roles of stability and level of self-esteem: Research and theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 93-141.
Korman, A. K. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 31-41.
Lepper, M., Ross, L., & Lau, R. (1986). Persistence of inaccurate beliefs about the self: perseverance effects in the classroom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 482-491.
Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt(Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct: Assessment methods, vol. 1 (pp.15-63). New York: Academic Press.
Mabe, P., & West, S. (1982). Validity of self-evaluation of ability: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 280-296.
Muchinsky, P. M. (2006). Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Thomson Learning, Inc.
Paulhaus, D. L. (1986). Self-deception and impression management in self-reports. In A. Angleitner & J. S. Wiggins (Eds.), Personality assessment via questionnaire. New York: Spronger-Verlag.
Podsakoff, P., & Organ, D. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.
Robins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 340-352.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and adolescent self- image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sackheim, H. (1983). Self-deception, self-esteem and depression: The adaptive value of lying to oneself. In J. Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies of psychoanalytic theories (pp.101-157).
Salgado, J. F. (1997). The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 30-43.
Smircich, L., & Chesser, R. (1981). Superiors' and subordinates' perceptions of performance: Beyond disagreement. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 198-205.
Steger, J., Simmons, W., & Lavelle, S. (1973). Accuracy of prediction of own performance as a function of locus of control. Psychological Reports, 33, 59-62.
Taylor, S., & Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
Taylor, S., & Brown, J. (1994). Positive illusion and well-being revusuted: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 21-27.
Thornton, G. (1980). Psychometric properties of self-appraisal of job performance. Personnel Psychology, 33, 262-271.
Tokar, D. M., Fisher, A. R., & Subich, L. M. (1998). Personality and vocational behavior: A selective review of the literature, 1993-1997. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53, 115-153.
Tornow, W. W. (1993). Perceptions or reality: Is multi-perspective measurement a means or an end? Human Resource Management, 32, 221-230.
Van Velsor, E., Taylor, S., & Leslie, J. (1992). Self/rater agreement, self-awareness and leadership effectiveness. Paper presented at the annual meeting of th American Psychological Association, Washington DC.
Wells, L. E., & Sweeny, P. D. (1986). A test of three models of bias in self-assessment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, 1-10.
Wohlers, A., & London, M. (1989). Ratings of managerial characteristics: Evaluation difficulty, coo-worker agreement, and self-awareness. Personnel Psychology, 42, 235-261.
Yammarino, F., & Atwater, L. (1993). Understanding self-perception accuracy: Implications for Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management, 32, 231-247.
Yammarino, F., & Atwater, L. (1997). Do managers see themselves as others see them? Implications of self-other rating agreement for human resources management. Organizational Dynamics, 25(4), 35-44.