The effect of organizational commitment on safety behaviors Moderating effects of safety climate
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Feb 28, 2011
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of organizational commitment on safety behavior and to explore moderating effect of safety climate between organizational commitment and safety behaviors. 215 workers were asked to respond to the questionnaires that measured various demographic variables, organizational commitment, safety climate and safety behaviors. A hierarchical regression was conducted to identify variables that had significant relationships with safety behaviors and to examine moderating effect of safety climate between organizational commitment and safety behaviors. Results indicated that the emotional commitment significantly predicted both safety compliance and participation behavior and the normative commitment significantly predicted safety compliance behavior. It was found that the safety climate was also a significant predictor for both safety compliance and participation behavior. In addition, safety climate had a moderating effect on the relation between emotional commitment and safety compliance behavior and normative commitment and safety compliance and participation behavior. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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Moon, K., Lee , J., & Oah, S. (2011). The effect of organizational commitment on safety behaviors: Moderating effects of safety climate. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v24i1.51-73
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Empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Funding data
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National Research Foundation of Korea
Grant numbers KRF-2009-327-B00974
References
김기식, 박영석 (2002). 안전 분위기가 안전 행동 및 사고에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 15(1), 19-39.
김영석 (2000). 사회조사 방법론. 서울: 나남출판.
김원형 (1995). 조직몰입 세 성분의 모형의 개념화. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 8, 12-35.
김형수, 오세진, 양병화, 김형일 (2002). 사회적 교환관계가 안전사고에 미치는 경로효과 모델검증. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 15(2), 47-66.
신용존 (1999). 해운기업 종업원의 조직몰입과 직무만족이 안전관리 의식 및 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구. 한국산업경제학회지, 12(6), 397-417.
안관영, 박노국 (2006). 건설업 근로자들의 안전 분위기와 안전참여의 관계에 대한 연구. 대한안전경영과학회지, 8(6), 41-53.
오세진, 최상진, 김형수, 홍선희 (2003). 안전관리를 위한 행동적 연구에 대한 비판적 분석 및 제언. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 9, 75-87.
이원영 (2005). 고용불안, 조직몰입 및 안전 분위기가 안전행동 및 사고에 미치는 영향: 철도청 사고 예측 모형. 고려대학교 일반대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
이계훈, 오세진 (2010). 구체적 피드백과 포괄적 피드백이 건설 현장 근로자들의 안전행동에 미치는 상대적 효과. 한국안전학회지, 25(5), 62-68.
이재희, 문광수, 오세진 (2010). 스트레스 반응이 안전행동에 미치는 효과: 안전 분위기의 중재효과. 대한안전경영과학회지, 12(4), 31-39.
정낙경, 김홍 (2008). 한국 반도체관련 산업의 사업장 안전 분위기와 근로자들의 안전행동에 관한 실증적 연구. 한국안전학회지, 23(2), 57-64.
최수일, 김홍 (2006). 건설현장의 안전 분위기와 작업자 안전행동에 관한 실증적 연구. 한국안전학회지, 21(5), 60-71, 2006.
허만율 (2009). 산업재해예방이 경쟁력이다. VIP Report, 403, 현대경제연구원.
Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 63, 1-8.
Babara, A. M., Linda, C. H., Micheal, B., Yunkyung, C., David, H., Cheryl, B. J., & Cynthia, T. B. (2007). Dose safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries? Journal of Safety Research, 38, 431-446.
Bailey, C. (1989). Using perception surveys to assess safety system effectiveness. Professional Safety, 2, 22-26.
Boman, W. C. & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt, W. C. Borman, & Associates(Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp.71-98). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brown, R. L. & Holmes, H. (1986). The use of a factor-analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 455-470.
Chen, Z. & Fransico, A. (2003). The relationship between the three components of commitment and employee performance in China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(3), 490-510.
Cooper, M. D. & Phillips, R. A. (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 497-512.
Cooper, M. D. (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety Science, 36, 111-136.
Cooper, M. D. (2009). Behavioral safety interventions: A review of process design factors. Professional Safety, 54(2), 36-45.
Cooper-Hakim, A. & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 241-259.
Dedobbeleer, N. & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measures for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 97-103, 1991.
DeJoy, D. M. (1996). Theoretical model of health behavior and workplace self-protective behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 27(2), 61-72.
DeJoy, D. M., Schaffer, B. S., Wilson, M. G., Vandenberg, R. J., & Butts, M. M. (2004). Creating safer work-places: Assessing the role and determinants of safety climate. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 81-90.
Eiff, G. (1999). Organizational safety culture. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp.1-14). Columbus, OH: Department of Aviation.
Felknor, S. A., Aday, L. A., Burau, K. D., Delclos, G. L., & Kanpadia, A. S. (2000). Safety climate and its association with injuries and safety practices in public hospitals in Costarica. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 6, 18-25.
Flin, R., Mearns, K., O’Connor, P., & Bryden, R. (2000). Safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177-192.
Fogarty, G. & Shaw, A. (2010). Safety climate and the theory of planned behavior: Towards the prediction of unsafe behavior. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1455-1459.
Greenwood, J. & Wolf, H. (1987). Job satisfaction affects rates of occupational accidents. West Virginia News Digest, November.
Griffin, M. A. & Neal, A. (2000). Perception of safety at work: A Framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347-358.
Hackett, R. D., Bycio, P., & Hausdorf, P. A. (1994). Further assessments of Meyer and Allen's (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 15-23.
Health & Safety Ececutive (2005). A review of safety culture and safety climate literature for the development of the safety culture inspection toolkit. Research Report.
Heinrich, H. W., Peterson, D., & Roos, N. (1980). Industrial Accident Prevention. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Holmstrom, B. (1992). Comments, in Wernin L., and Wijkander, H. (eds.) Contract Economics, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 212-217.
Huang, Y. H., Ho, M., Smith, G. S., & Chen, P. Y. (2006). Safety climate and self-reported injury: Assessing the mediating role of employee safety control. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(3), 425-433.
IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) (1986). Summary report on the post-accident review meeting on the Chernobyl accident. International Safety Advisory Group. Safety Series 75-INSAG-1 (Vienna: IAEA).
Jiang, L., Yu, G., Li, Y., & Li, F. (2010). Perceived colleagues’ safety knowledge/behavior and safety performance: Safety climate as a moderator in a multi-level study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1468-1476.
Kivimaeki, M., Kalimo, R., & Salminen, S. (1995). Perceived nuclear risk, organizational commitment, and appraisals of management: A study of nuclear power plant personnel. Risk Analysis, 15, 391—396.
McSween, T. E. (2003). The Values-based safety process: Improving your safety culture with a behavioral approach. (2nd). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the “side-bet theory” of organizational commitment: some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372-378.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, S. I. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 710-720.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 11, 299-326.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997.
Meyer, J. P., Gellatly, S. I., Goffin, R., & Jackson, D. (1989). Organizational commitment and job performance: It's the nature of the commitment that counts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 152-156.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
Michael, J. H., Evans, D. D., Jansen, K. J., & Haight, J. M. (2005). Management commitment to safety as organizational support: Relationships with non-safety outcomes in wood manufacturing employees. Journal of Safety Research, 36, 171-179.
Morrison, K. (1997). How franchise job satisfaction and personality affect performance, organizational commitment, franchiser relations, and intention to remain. Journal of Small Business Management, 35, 36-67.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 233-247.
Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99-109.
Pidgeon, N. (1998). Safety culture: Key theoretical issues. Work and Stress, 12, 202-216.
Probst, T. M. & Estrada, A. X. (2010). Accident under-reporting among employees: Testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1438-1444.
Siu, O., Phillips, D. R., & Leung, T. (2004). Safety climate and safety performance among construction workers in Hong Kong: The role of psychological strains as mediators. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36, 359-366.
Spector, E. S. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology (5th ed.). Jhon Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tuncel, S., Lotlikar, H., Salem., S., & Daraiseh, N. (2006). Effectiveness of Behaviour based safety interventions to reduce accidents and injuries in workplaces: Critical appraisal and meta-analysis. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 7(3), 191-209.
Weigmann,D. A., Zhang, H.,. Von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G., & Mitchell, A. A. (2002). A synthesis of safety culture and safety climate research. Aviation Research Lab Institute of Aviation, Technical Report.
Wiegmann, D., Zhang, H., Von Thaden, T., Gibbos, A., & Sharma, G. (2004). Safety culture: An integrative review. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14, 117-134.
Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 78-85.
Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effects of group climate on micro accidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 587-596.
Zohar, D. (2010). Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1517-1522.
김영석 (2000). 사회조사 방법론. 서울: 나남출판.
김원형 (1995). 조직몰입 세 성분의 모형의 개념화. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 8, 12-35.
김형수, 오세진, 양병화, 김형일 (2002). 사회적 교환관계가 안전사고에 미치는 경로효과 모델검증. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 15(2), 47-66.
신용존 (1999). 해운기업 종업원의 조직몰입과 직무만족이 안전관리 의식 및 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구. 한국산업경제학회지, 12(6), 397-417.
안관영, 박노국 (2006). 건설업 근로자들의 안전 분위기와 안전참여의 관계에 대한 연구. 대한안전경영과학회지, 8(6), 41-53.
오세진, 최상진, 김형수, 홍선희 (2003). 안전관리를 위한 행동적 연구에 대한 비판적 분석 및 제언. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 9, 75-87.
이원영 (2005). 고용불안, 조직몰입 및 안전 분위기가 안전행동 및 사고에 미치는 영향: 철도청 사고 예측 모형. 고려대학교 일반대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
이계훈, 오세진 (2010). 구체적 피드백과 포괄적 피드백이 건설 현장 근로자들의 안전행동에 미치는 상대적 효과. 한국안전학회지, 25(5), 62-68.
이재희, 문광수, 오세진 (2010). 스트레스 반응이 안전행동에 미치는 효과: 안전 분위기의 중재효과. 대한안전경영과학회지, 12(4), 31-39.
정낙경, 김홍 (2008). 한국 반도체관련 산업의 사업장 안전 분위기와 근로자들의 안전행동에 관한 실증적 연구. 한국안전학회지, 23(2), 57-64.
최수일, 김홍 (2006). 건설현장의 안전 분위기와 작업자 안전행동에 관한 실증적 연구. 한국안전학회지, 21(5), 60-71, 2006.
허만율 (2009). 산업재해예방이 경쟁력이다. VIP Report, 403, 현대경제연구원.
Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 63, 1-8.
Babara, A. M., Linda, C. H., Micheal, B., Yunkyung, C., David, H., Cheryl, B. J., & Cynthia, T. B. (2007). Dose safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries? Journal of Safety Research, 38, 431-446.
Bailey, C. (1989). Using perception surveys to assess safety system effectiveness. Professional Safety, 2, 22-26.
Boman, W. C. & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt, W. C. Borman, & Associates(Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp.71-98). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brown, R. L. & Holmes, H. (1986). The use of a factor-analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 455-470.
Chen, Z. & Fransico, A. (2003). The relationship between the three components of commitment and employee performance in China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(3), 490-510.
Cooper, M. D. & Phillips, R. A. (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 497-512.
Cooper, M. D. (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety Science, 36, 111-136.
Cooper, M. D. (2009). Behavioral safety interventions: A review of process design factors. Professional Safety, 54(2), 36-45.
Cooper-Hakim, A. & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 241-259.
Dedobbeleer, N. & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measures for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 97-103, 1991.
DeJoy, D. M. (1996). Theoretical model of health behavior and workplace self-protective behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 27(2), 61-72.
DeJoy, D. M., Schaffer, B. S., Wilson, M. G., Vandenberg, R. J., & Butts, M. M. (2004). Creating safer work-places: Assessing the role and determinants of safety climate. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 81-90.
Eiff, G. (1999). Organizational safety culture. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp.1-14). Columbus, OH: Department of Aviation.
Felknor, S. A., Aday, L. A., Burau, K. D., Delclos, G. L., & Kanpadia, A. S. (2000). Safety climate and its association with injuries and safety practices in public hospitals in Costarica. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 6, 18-25.
Flin, R., Mearns, K., O’Connor, P., & Bryden, R. (2000). Safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177-192.
Fogarty, G. & Shaw, A. (2010). Safety climate and the theory of planned behavior: Towards the prediction of unsafe behavior. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1455-1459.
Greenwood, J. & Wolf, H. (1987). Job satisfaction affects rates of occupational accidents. West Virginia News Digest, November.
Griffin, M. A. & Neal, A. (2000). Perception of safety at work: A Framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347-358.
Hackett, R. D., Bycio, P., & Hausdorf, P. A. (1994). Further assessments of Meyer and Allen's (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 15-23.
Health & Safety Ececutive (2005). A review of safety culture and safety climate literature for the development of the safety culture inspection toolkit. Research Report.
Heinrich, H. W., Peterson, D., & Roos, N. (1980). Industrial Accident Prevention. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Holmstrom, B. (1992). Comments, in Wernin L., and Wijkander, H. (eds.) Contract Economics, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 212-217.
Huang, Y. H., Ho, M., Smith, G. S., & Chen, P. Y. (2006). Safety climate and self-reported injury: Assessing the mediating role of employee safety control. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38(3), 425-433.
IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) (1986). Summary report on the post-accident review meeting on the Chernobyl accident. International Safety Advisory Group. Safety Series 75-INSAG-1 (Vienna: IAEA).
Jiang, L., Yu, G., Li, Y., & Li, F. (2010). Perceived colleagues’ safety knowledge/behavior and safety performance: Safety climate as a moderator in a multi-level study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1468-1476.
Kivimaeki, M., Kalimo, R., & Salminen, S. (1995). Perceived nuclear risk, organizational commitment, and appraisals of management: A study of nuclear power plant personnel. Risk Analysis, 15, 391—396.
McSween, T. E. (2003). The Values-based safety process: Improving your safety culture with a behavioral approach. (2nd). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the “side-bet theory” of organizational commitment: some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372-378.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, S. I. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 710-720.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 11, 299-326.
Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997.
Meyer, J. P., Gellatly, S. I., Goffin, R., & Jackson, D. (1989). Organizational commitment and job performance: It's the nature of the commitment that counts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 152-156.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
Michael, J. H., Evans, D. D., Jansen, K. J., & Haight, J. M. (2005). Management commitment to safety as organizational support: Relationships with non-safety outcomes in wood manufacturing employees. Journal of Safety Research, 36, 171-179.
Morrison, K. (1997). How franchise job satisfaction and personality affect performance, organizational commitment, franchiser relations, and intention to remain. Journal of Small Business Management, 35, 36-67.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 233-247.
Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99-109.
Pidgeon, N. (1998). Safety culture: Key theoretical issues. Work and Stress, 12, 202-216.
Probst, T. M. & Estrada, A. X. (2010). Accident under-reporting among employees: Testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1438-1444.
Siu, O., Phillips, D. R., & Leung, T. (2004). Safety climate and safety performance among construction workers in Hong Kong: The role of psychological strains as mediators. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36, 359-366.
Spector, E. S. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology (5th ed.). Jhon Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tuncel, S., Lotlikar, H., Salem., S., & Daraiseh, N. (2006). Effectiveness of Behaviour based safety interventions to reduce accidents and injuries in workplaces: Critical appraisal and meta-analysis. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 7(3), 191-209.
Weigmann,D. A., Zhang, H.,. Von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G., & Mitchell, A. A. (2002). A synthesis of safety culture and safety climate research. Aviation Research Lab Institute of Aviation, Technical Report.
Wiegmann, D., Zhang, H., Von Thaden, T., Gibbos, A., & Sharma, G. (2004). Safety culture: An integrative review. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14, 117-134.
Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 78-85.
Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effects of group climate on micro accidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 587-596.
Zohar, D. (2010). Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1517-1522.