Differential Effects of Job Crafting types based on The Regulatory Focus Theory on Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intention, Innovative Behaviors The Mediation Model including Employees’ Chronic Regulatory Focus
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the differential effects of regulatory focus on job crafting type(promotion/prevention-focused job crafting) and job crafting type on job satisfaction, turnover intention, innovative behavior. Also, this study assume the mediation model that job satisfaction has a mediation effect on relationship between job crafting and turnover intention/innovative behavior. To do this, we conducted an online survey of 394 workers and used 355 data for the final statistical analysis. The results showed that trait promotion-focus was positively related with promotion-focused job crafting, and trait prevention-focus was positively related with prevention-focused job crafting. Also relationship between trait promotion-focus and prevention-focused job crafting, between trait prevention-focus and promotion-focused job crafting was non-significant. That is, the trait regulatory focus was associated with the type of job crafting corresponding to each trait. Moreover, the results supported the differential effects of job crafting type by showing that promotion-focused job crafting has a positive relationship with job satisfaction/innovative behavior and a negative relationship with turnover intention, while prevention-focused job crafting has a negative relationship with job satisfaction and a positive relationship with turnover intention. Results of the mediation model showed that promotion-focused job crafting was negatively and prevention-focused job crafting was positively related with turnover intention through job satisfaction. There was no mediation effect of job satisfaction on relationship between job crafting and innovative behavior. At the end of this paper this study results, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357-376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357
Aryee, S., Budhwar, P. S., & Chen, Z. X. (2002). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: test of a social exchange model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 267–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.138
Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job resources boost work engagement, particularly when job demands are high. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 274-284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.274
Banks, G. C., Whelpley, C. E., Oh, I. S., & Shin, K. (2012). (How) are emotionally exhausted employees harmful? International Journal of Stress Management, 19(3), 198-216. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029249
Brenninkmeijer, V., & Hekkert-Koning, M. (2015). To craft or not to craft: The relationships between regulatory focus, job crafting and work outcomes. Career Development International, 20(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1108/cdi-12-2014-0162
Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among US managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.65
Cho, D. K., Yang, J. S., Lee, M. K. (2004). A Study on the Job Satisfaction and Organizational Involvement of Organizational Members. Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 10, 37-53.
Chung, E. K. (2019). The Effects of Framing on Decision Making: Moderating Effect of Regulatory Focus. The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology, 3(1), 49-59.
Crowe, E., & Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory focus and strategic inclinations: Promotion and prevention in decision-making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.2675
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Intrinsic motivation. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0467
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. (2014). Burnout and job performance: The moderating role of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035062
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
Diestel, S., Wegge, J., & Schmidt, K. H. (2014). The impact of social context on the relationship between individual job satisfaction and absenteeism: The roles of different foci of job satisfaction and work-unit absenteeism. Academy of Management Journal, 57(2), 353-382. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.1087
Elanain, H. M. A. (2009). Job characteristics, work attitudes and behaviors in a non‐Western context. Journal of Management Development, 28(5), 457-477. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710910955985
Fisher, C. D. (2000). Mood and emotions while working: missing pieces of job satisfaction? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200003)21:2<185::AID-JOB34>3.0.CO;2-M
Ghitulescu, B. (2006). Job crafting and social embeddedness at work. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Harman, D. (1967). A single factor test of common method variance. Journal of Psychology, 35, 359-378.
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280
Higgins, E. T., Friedman, R. S., Harlow, R. E., Idson, L. C., Ayduk, O. N., & Taylor, A. (2001). Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.27
Hong, S., Malik, M. L., & Lee, M. K. (2003). Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across genders in sociotropy and autonomy using a non-Western sample. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(4), 636-654. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164403251332
ISSP Research Group (2013): International Social Survey Programme: Work Orientation III - ISSP 2005. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA4350 Data file Version 2.0.0, https://doi.org/10.4232/1.11648
Kanfer, R. (1990). Motivation Theory and Industrial and Organizational Psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 75–170). Consulting Psychologists Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232564768_Motivation_Theory_and_Industrial_and_Organizational_Psychology
Kang, H. S., Xu, B. B., & Ku, J. S. (2015). Job Crafting: Comprehensive Model of Voluntary Job Redesign. Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy, 15(3), 29-61. https://www.kli.re.kr/kli_eng/downloadEngPblFile.do?atchmnflNo=20307
Kanter, R. M. (1988). When a thousand flowers bloom: Structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organizations. Knowledge Management and Organisational Design, 10, 93-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-9749-1.50010-7
Kim, H. S., & Tak, J. K. (2015). The effect of leader empowering behavior on work engagement. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 28(2), 275-299. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v28i2.275-299
Kim, S. Y., Bae, S. H., Kim, H. G., & Ahn, S. I. (2016). The Effect of Job Crafting Behavior on Innovative Behavior : Focused on Mediating Effect of Work Engagement Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 23(5), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.14396/jhrmr.2016.23.5.1
Kim, Y. K. (2018). A Study on the Differential Effect of Promotion and Prevention Focus Job Crafting the Dual Mediating Effect of work-related Sense of Coherence and Job strain and the Moderating Effect of Supervisor support. Hoseo University.
Ko, D. Y., & Yoo, T. Y. (2012). The effect of job autonomy on innovation behavior. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 25(1), 215-238. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v25i1.215-238
Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M., Bernieri, F., & Holt, K. (1984). Setting limits on children's behavior: The differential effects of controlling vs. informational styles on intrinsic motivation and creativity. Journal of Personality, 52(3), 233-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00879.x
Kwon, N. Y., Kim, M. S., & Oh, I. S. (2016). The effect of Job Autonomy on Job Satisfaction. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 29(4), 573-590. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v29i4.573-590
Laurence, G. A. (2010). Workaholism and expansion and contraction oriented job crafting: The moderating effects of individual and contextual factors. Syracuse University.
LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor–hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(5), 764-775. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.18803921
Liberman, N., Idson, L. C., Camacho, C. J., & Higgins, E. T. (1999). Promotion and prevention choices between stability and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1135-1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1135
Liberman, N., Molden, D. C., Idson, L. C., & Higgins, E. T. (2001). Promotion and prevention focus on alternative hypotheses: implications for attributional functions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.5
Lichtenthaler, P. W., & Fischbach, A. (2016). The Conceptualization and Measurement of Job Crafting: Validation of a German Version of the Job Crafting Scale. Zeitschrift für Arbeits-und Organisations psychologie A&O, 60(4), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000219
Lichtenthaler, P. W., & Fischbach, A. (2018). Leadership, job crafting, and employee health and performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(5), 620-632. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-07-2017-0191
Lichtenthaler, P. W., & Fischbach, A. (2019). A meta-analysis on promotion-and prevention-focused job crafting. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 30-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2018.1527767
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1343). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
Lockwood, P., Jordan, C. H., & Kunda, Z. (2002). Motivation by positive or negative role models: regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(4), 854-864. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.854
March, J.G. and Simon, H.A. (1958) Organizations. Wiley, New York.
Niu, H. J. (2014). Is innovation behavior congenital? Enhancing job satisfaction as a moderator. Personnel Review, 43(2), 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-12-2012-0200
Oh I. S., Kim, K. H., Darnold, T. C., Hwang, J. O., Yoo, T. Y., Park, Y. A., & Park, L. H. (2007). Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Job Performance, and Turnover Intention: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis with Korean Samples. Korea Journal of Management, 15(4), 43-86.
Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634. https://doi.org/10.5465/256657
Park, W. W., Kim, M. S., Jeong, S. M., & Huh, K. M. (2007). Causes and Remedies of Common Method Bias. Korea Journal of Management, 15(1), 89-133.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Pondman, A. (2015). The usefulness of job crafting: A study on the relationships between regulatory focus, job crafting, career competencies and positive work outcomes (Master's thesis). Utrecht University, Utrecht.
Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 112-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008
Schein, E. H. (1971). Occupational socialization in the professions: the case of role innovation. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 8(3), 521-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-017007-7.50031-8
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
Seo, A. L., Jung, Y. S., & Sohn, Y. W. (2018). The influence of job crafting and task identity on meaningful work. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 31(1), 149-173. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v31i1.149-173
Shalley, C. E., Gilson, L. L., & Blum, T. C. (2000). Matching creativity requirements and the work environment: Effects on satisfaction and intentions to leave. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.5465/1556378
Simon, H. A. (1967). Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review, 74(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024127
Slemp, G. R., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2013). The Job Crafting Questionnaire: A new scale to measure the extent to which employees engage in job crafting. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2), 126-146. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1
Sohn, W. S., Bae, J. H. (2014) Relationships of Mothers' versus Teachers' Autonomy Support with Student's Academic Achievement: Mediating Effects of Learning Motivation and Strategy. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 19(3), 253-272. https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2014.19.3.004
Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v36i2.841
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2013a). The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032141
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., & Van Rhenen, W. (2013b). Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group & Organization Management, 38(4), 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113492421
Van de Ven, A. H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management science, 32(5), 590-607. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.590
Van Eerde, W. (2000). Procrastination: Self‐regulation in initiating aversive goals. Applied Psychology, 49(3), 372-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00021
Wernimont, P. F. (1966). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 50(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022938
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997517
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
Zhou, J. (1998). Feedback valence, feedback style, task autonomy, and achievement orientation: Interactive effects on creative performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.261