The Effect of Social Presence on Virtual Work Adaptability and Mediating Effects of New employees’ Learning Flow & the Mediated Moderating Effect of Supervisor Coaching
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study attempted to clarify the effect of various factors related to online new employee learnings on the virtual work adaptability based on various problems felt by new employees in the online learning situation spread due to COVID-19. In addition, it was intended to verify the impact of supervisors who play an important role in effectiveness of virtual work. Specifically, the effect of social presence on virtual work adaptability by mediating learning flow and the mediated moderating effect of supervisor’s coaching behavior were verified. To clarify the research model, data were collected from 263 new employees with online learning and virtual work experience within 3 years working in various organizations in Korea, and data were analyzed by using SPSS PROCESS Macro As a result of the study, it was found that social presence influenced virtual work adaptability by mediating learning flow, but unlike the assumptions of this study, learning flow partially mediated. In addition, the moderating effect of the supervisor’s coaching behavior was not significant. Based on the research results, the implications of this study were discussed, and limitations and future research were presented.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
강여진 (2011). 공무원의 경력관리가 경력만족 및 경력몰입에 미치는 영향: 서울시 공무원의 인식을 중심으로. 한국행정연구, 20 (3), 231-271.
김나영, 주영주 (2010). 사이버교육에서 학습동기, 프로그램, 조직의 지원과 상호작용, 몰입 및 학습성과의 구조적 관계 규명. 교육공학연구, 26(2), 53-82. https://doi.org/10.17232/kset.26.2.53
김문준, 김수희, 김용이 (2021). 관리자의 코칭 리더십이 조직구성원의 자기주도학습과 학습몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 기업경영리뷰, 12(3), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.20434/kricm.2021.08.12.3.61
김승남, 주종웅 (2014). 원격근무의 정의, 현황, 그리고 전망. 정보화정책, 21(2), 89-110.
김연수, 허찬영 (2021). 스마트워크가 직무태도에 미치는 영향: 교육훈련 및 능력개발 지원의 매개효과를 중심으로. 기업경영리뷰, 12(4), 1-18.
김정주 (2011). 문항반응이론을 이용한 원격교육환경에서 사회적 실재감 측정도구의 타당도 검증. 교육정보미디어연구, 17(1), 109-132.
김지심, 강명희 (2010). 기업 이러닝에서 학습자가 인식한 교수실재감과 학습실재감, 학습효과의 구조적 관계 규명. 아시아교육연구, 11(2), 29-56. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2010.11.2.002
김진모, 곽재덕, 이유진 (2010). 기업 교육훈련 전이 촉진을 위한 모형 설계. 산업교육연구, 21, 21-48.
박성익, 김연경 (2006). 온라인 학습에서 학습몰입요인, 몰입수준, 학업성취 간의 관련성 탐구. 열린교육연구, 14(1), 93-115.
박소연 (2011). 조직사회화 관점에서의 한국 대기업 연수원 신입사원 그룹입문교육 내용분석. 기업교육과 인재연구, 13(1), 133- 152.
박중열 (2021). 코로나 19로 촉발된 비대면 교육의 대규모 확장. 대한기계학회 논문집 C 권, 9(1), 1-5. http://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-C.2021.9.1.001
박지혜, 이영선 (2018). 웹기반 이러닝에서 자기조절학습전략과 실재감이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 18(3), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.03.215
신덕천 (2013). 공기업 직무교육 참가자의 학습전이에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구. 박사학위논문. 서울대학교 대학원.
이수호, 한태영 (2008). 성과관리 코칭과 피드백 환경이 인사평가 공정성에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 21(1), 59-81. http://doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.21.1.200802.59
임지은, 이민혜 (2020). 온라인 학습자가 인식하는 실재감이 자기조절효능감과 주도적 참여를 매개로 성취도와 만족도에 미치는 영향. 교육방법연구, 32, 461-485.
잡코리아 (2021). “신입사원 10명 중 6명 ‘언택트’로 회사생활 시작”, 잡코리아, https://m.jobkorea.co.kr/goodjob/tip/view?News_No=18752&schCtgr=120001&Page=1에서 2020. 9. 8. 자료 얻음.
장원섭, 김소영, 김민영, 김근호 (2007). 대졸 초기경력자의 직장 적응 실태에 관한 조사연구. 직업교육연구, 26(3), 141-164.
주영주, 김수미, 박수영, 김은경 (2009). 기업 사이버교육 학습자들의 내적통제소재, 조직의 지원, 학습몰입, 학업지속의향 간의 구조적관계 규명. 교육과학연구, 40(3), 239-263.
주홍석 (2014). 대기업 대졸 신입사원의 직업적응과 입사 전의 지식, 입사 후에 대한 기대, 선도적 행위, 조직사회화 전략 및 직장 내 사회적 지원의 관계. 박사학위논문. 서울대학교 대학원.
한태영, 차윤석 (2011). 개인 및 팀 적응성과의 고찰: 성과코칭과 피드백 환경에 의한 다수준 상동모형의 검증. 인사조직연구, 19 (1), 1-40.
황영훈 (2017). 대기업 영업직 초기경력자의 형식학습, 무형식학습, 조직사회화 및 이직의도의 구조적 관계. 박사학위논문. 서울대학교 대학원.
황의철 (2022). 메타버스를 이용한 비대면 교육환경의 확산 현황 분석. 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집, 30(1),163-164.
Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 16(2), 40-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615593273
Alliger, G. M., Tannenbaum, S. I., Bennett Jr, W., Traver, H., & Shotland, A. (1997). A meta‐analysis of the relations among training criteria. Personnel Psychology, 50(2), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1997.tb00911.x
Biocca, F., Burgoon, J., Harms, C., & Stoner, M. (2001, May). Criteria and scope conditions for a theory and measure of social presence. Paper presented at Presence 2001 Conference, Phila delphia, PA.
Chen, X. (2014). An integrative review of the effects of social presence on distance education (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University).
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A. and Noe, R. A. (2000) Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-Analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 679-707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.5.678
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Rathunde, K. (1993). The measurement of flow in everyday life: Toward a theory of emergent motivation. In J. E. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1992: Developmental perspectives on motivation (pp. 57-97). University of Nebraska Press.
Dawis, R. V. England, G. W. & Lofquist, L. H. (1964). A Theory of work adjustment. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, 15, 29.
Ellinger, A. D. (1999). Antecedents and consequences of coaching behavior. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 12(4), 45-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.1999.tb00148.x
Evan, W. M. (1963). Peer-group interaction and organizational socialization: A study of employee turnover. American Sociological Review, 28(3), 436-440. https://doi.org/10.2307/2090354
Garrison, D. R. (2007). Online Community of Inquiry Review: Social, Cognitive, and Teaching Presence Issues. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11(1), 61-72
Garrison, D. R., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2007). Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(3), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.04.001
Gilson, L. L., Maynard, M. T., Jones Young, N. C., Vartiainen, M., & Hakonen, M. (2015). Virtual teams research: 10 years, 10 themes, and 10 opportunities. Journal of Management, 41(5), 1313-1337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314559946
Heeter, C. (1992). Being there: The subjective experience of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(2), 262-271. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.262
Heslin, P. A., Vandewalle, D. O. N., & Latham, G. P. (2006). Keen to help? managers’ implicit person theories and their subsequent employee coaching. Personnel Psychology, 59(4), 871-902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00057.x
Hoffman, D. L. & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000304
Hu, S. & Kuh, G. D. (2002). Being (dis) Engaged in educationally purposeful activities: The Influences of student and institutional characteristics. Research in Higher Education, 43(5), 555-575. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020114231387
Hunt, J. M. & Weintraub, J. (2002). How coaching can enhance your brand as a manager. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 21(2), 39-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/npr.10018
Jex, S. M. & Britt, T. W. (2008). Leadership and influence processes. Organizational psychology: A Scientist-practitioner Approach, 2, 303-338.
Kim, J. (2010). Developing an instrument to measure social presence in distance higher education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(5), 763-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01107.x
Kye, B., & Kim, Y. (2008). Investigation of the relationships between media characteristics, presence, flow, and learning effects in augmented reality based learning. International Journal for Educational Media and Technology, 2(1).
Leong, P. (2011). Role of social presence and cognitive absorption in online learning environments. Distance Education, 32(1), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2011.565495
Makarius, E. E. & Larson, B. Z. (2017). Changing the perspective of virtual work: Building virtual intelligence at the individual level. Academy of Management Perspectives, 31(2), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2014.0120
Noe, R. A. (1986). Trainees’ attributes and attitudes: neglected influences on training effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 736-749. https://doi.org/10.2307/258393
Nowak, K. L. & Biocca, F. (2003). The effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 12(5), 481-494. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761289
Ostroff, C. & Kozlowski, S. W. (1992). Organizational socialization as a learning process: The role of information acquisition. Personnel Psychology, 45(4), 849-874. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1992.tb00971.x
Ozcelik, H. & Barsade, S. G. (2018). No employee an island: Workplace loneliness and job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2343-2366. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.1066
Picciano, A. G. (2002). Beyond student perceptions: Issues of interaction, presence, and performance in an online course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6(1), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v6i1.1870
Privette, G. & Bundrick, C. M. (1987). Measurement of experience: Construct and content validity of the experience questionnaire. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65(1), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.1.315
Raghuram, S, Garud, R., Wiesenfeld, B., & Gupta, V. (2001). Factors contributing to virtual work adjustment. Journal of Management, 27(3), 383-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700309
Richard, Stacie. & Benseon. (2003) Building a winning virtual team ksas, selection, training, and evaluation. In Gibson, C. B., & Cohen, S. G. (Eds.), Virtual teams that work: Creating conditions for virtual team effectiveness(pp. 95-120). NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Rourk, M. M. (2008). Preaching as sacramental presence: The word incarnate as proclamation toward healing in a faith community (Doctoral dissertation, Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia).
Shore, L. M., & Bloom, A. J. (1986). Developing employees through coaching and career management. Personnel, 63(8), 34-41.
Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994). Depth of presence in virtual environments. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 3(2), 130-144.https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1994.3.2.130
Stacey, E. (2000). Quality online participation: Establishing social presence. In Evans, T(Eds.) Research in distance education 5: Revised papers from the 5th Research in distance education conference (pp. 138-153). Melbourn: Deakin University.
Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication 42(4) 73-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x
Tu, C. H. & McIsaac, M. (2002). The Relationship of Social Presence and Interaction in Online Classes. The American Journal of Distance Education, 16(3), 131-150. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1603_2
van Zoonen, W., Sivunen, A., Blomqvist, K., Olsson, T., Ropponen, A., Henttonen, K., & Vartiainen, M. (2021). Factors influencing adjustment to remote work: Employees’ initial responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136966
Wiesenfeld, B. M., Raghuram, S., & Garud, R. (1999). Communication patterns as determinants of organizational identification in a virtual organization. Organization Science, 10(6), 777-790. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.10.6.777