Contagion of silence behaviors 방어적 및 체념적 침묵을 중심으로
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present research aimed to investigate the contagion of silence behaviors, and its effects process. 218 respondents who is employed in organizations were surveyed. What were analyzed using structural equation modeling are (1) the contagion of silence behaviors, (2) the casual relationship between two types of silence behaviors(defensive silence, acquiescent silence), and (3) the mediating role of employee's silence behaviors and acquiescent silence in the process of co-worker's corresponding behaviors and silence affecting team silence climate and innovative support behaviors. Results indicated that co-worker's silence behaviors could be contagious and their effects on outcomes were mediated by employee's silence behaviors. Findings also showed that employee's defensive silence affected his/her acquiescent silence and its effect on outcomes was mediated by acquiescent silence. From these results, we discussed the theoretical implications of findings, limitations, suggestions for future research in discussion.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
구남웅, 최태산 (2009). 군상담: 부하가 지각하는 직속상관의 유머감각 및 유머스타일과 부하의 군생활 적응과의 관계. 상담학연구, 10(3), 1757-1768.
국립국어원 (2016). 외래어 표기법: 용례 찾기. http://www.korean.go.kr/front/foreignSpell/foreignSpellView.do?forgn_seq=15790&mn_id=96 에서 2016, 01, 26 자료 얻음.
김건희 (2014). 간호대학생의 스트레스대처, 유머감각과 대학생활적응의 관계. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 14(3), 301-313.
김영희 (2000). 성격유형과 유머감각 및 스트레스 대처방식과의 관계. 한국가족복지학, 5(1), 121-138.
김원형, 신강현, 허창구, 이종현 (2007). 정서노동과 직무탈진: 자율성과 사회적 지지의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(4), 905-921.
김태홍, 한태영 (2009). 적응성과 및 지속적 학습활동에 대한 학습목표성향, 실책관리풍토 및 변화지향적 팀 리더십의 영향. 인사·조직연구, 17(3), 117-159.
박원우, 김미숙, 정상명, 허규만 (2007). 동일방법편의(Common Method Bias)의 원인과 해결방안. 인사·조직연구, 15(1), 89-133.
박혜진, 유태용 (2009). 상사의 리더십, 조직의 변화 준비성이 조직변화몰입에 미치는 영향과 적응수행, 조직변화지지 행동에 대한 조직변화몰입의 효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22(1), 131-153.
배세정, 여경옥, 진양호 (2012). 상사의 유머감각이 레스토랑 종업원의 직무만족과 고객지향성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 관광·레저연구, 24(8), 255-274.
윤장원 (2006). 서비스직에서 직무요구와 직무자원이 직무탈진에 미치는 영향과 개인특성의 조절효과. 대한경영학회지, 19(6), 2531-2559.
이덕로, 김태열 (2009). 유머감각이 조직 내 성과에 미치는 영향: 자기권능감의 매개효과를 중심으로. 경영학연구, 38(3), 643- 667.
이덕로, 김태열 (2013). 상사의 유머가 부하의 창의성에 미치는 영향: 내재적 동기부여의 매개효과와 팀 인적자본의 조절효과를 중심으로. 인사·조직연구, 21(1), 29-63.
이 랑, 김완석, 신강현 (2006). 직무탈진과 직무열의의 요구-자원 모델에서 정서노동전략의 역할: 콜센터 상담원을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 19(4), 573- 596.
이연재, 채명신 (2008). 펀 (fun) 경영과 펀 리더십 행동이 직무스트레스와 직무태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구. 대한경영학회지, 21(3), 1029-1058.
이재선, 조아미 (2006). 청소년의 유머감각과 유머스타일이 스트레스 대처방식 및 건강에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 13(6), 79- 100.
이종남, 전미향 (2006). 호텔종사원이 지각하는 유머감각이 직무스트레스와 이직성향에 미치는 영향. 문화관광연구, 8(1), 85-106.
정석환 (2014). 상사유머가 공무원의 혁신적 업무행동에 미치는 영향. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 14(12), 733-743.
정현우 (2012). 리더의 유머감각이 구성원의 혁신행동에 미치는 영향 및 임파워먼트의 조절효과에 관한 연구. 경영과 정보연구, 31(2), 89-114.
최항석 (2012). 팀 구성원의 과업갈등이 팀 몰입과 팀 성과에 미치는 영향. 대한경영학회지, 25(2), 1019-1039.
한태영 (2008). 적응수행에 대한 직무탈진, 심리적 집합주의 및 성격의 상호작용 효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 21(4), 631- 655.
한태영 (2013). 갈등관리에 대한 직무탈진의 영향: 조직내 가식과 의사소통 역량의 간접효과 및 성차, 직무의 상호작용효과. 조직과 인사관리연구, 37(2), 75-103.
허창구, 신강현, 양수현 (2010). 직장-가정 갈등이 직무탈진 및 가정만족에 미치는 영향: 성차에 따른 다집단 분석. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 15(1), 103-128.
홍세희 (2000). 구조 방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 161-177.
Abel, M. H., & Maxwell, D. (2002). Humor and affective consequences of a stressful task. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(2), 165-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.21.2.165.22516
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, K. J., & Bowling, N. A. (2009). Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis. Work & stress, 23(3), 244-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370903282600
Avolio, B. J., Howell, J. M., & Sosik, J. J. (1999). A funny thing happened on the way to the bottom line: Humor as a moderator of leadership style effects. Academy of Management Journal, 42(2), 219-227.
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: two types of sample size effects. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 256-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.256
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136.
Butcher, K., & Heffernan, T. (2006). Social regard: a link between waiting for service and service outcomes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(1), 34-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.12.006
Cann, A. Davis, H. B., & Zapata, C. L. (2011) Humor styles and relationship satisfaction in dating couples: Perceived versus self-reported humor styles as predictors of satisfaction. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 24(1), 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2011.001
Cann, A., Zapata, C. L., & Davis, H. B. (2009). Positive and negative styles of humor in communication: Evidence for the importance of considering both styles. Communication Quarterly, 57(4), 452-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370903313398
Cann, A., & Etzel, K. C. (2008). Remembering and anticipating stressors: Positive personality mediates the relationship with sense of humor. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 21(2), 157-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR.2008.008
Charbonnier-Voirin, A., El Akremi, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2010). A multilevel model of transformational leadership and adaptive performance and the moderating role of climate for innovation. Group & Organization Management, 35(6), 699-726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601110390833
Conway, J. M. (2002). Method variance and method bias in industrial and organizational psychology. In S. G. Rogelberg(Ed.), Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology, 344-365. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.9402210153
Cote, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (1987). Estimating trait, method, and error variance: Generalizing across 70 construct validation studies. Journal of Marketing Research, 315-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400308
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands- resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
Ding, L., Velicer, W. F., & Harlow, L. L. (1995). Effects of estimation methods, number of indicators per factor, and improper solutions on structural equation modeling fit indices. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 119-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519509540000
Feingold, A., & Mazzella, R. (1993). Preliminary validation of a multidimensional model of wittiness. Journal of Personality, 61(3), 439-456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00288.x
Ghitulescu, B. E. (2013). Making change happen: the impact of work context on adaptive and proactive behaviors. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 49(2), 206-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886312469254
Golembiewski, R. T., & Munzenrider, R. F. (1988). Phases of burnout: Developments in concepts and applications. California: Praeger Publishers.
Graham, E. E., Papa, M. J., & Brooks, G. P. (1992). Functions of humor in conversation: Conceptualization and measurement. Western Journal of Communication, 56(2), 161-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10570319209374409
GPW (2016). 100 Best Companies to Work for in America. http://www.greatplacetowork.net/best-companies/search-best-workplaces에서 2016, 01, 26 자료 얻음.
Hampes, W. P. (2010). The relation between humor styles and empathy. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6(3), 34-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v6i3.207
Han, T. Y., & Williams, K. J. (2008). Multilevel investigation of adaptive performance individual-and team-level relationships. Group & Organization Management, 33(6), 657-684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108326799
Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods & Research, 11(3), 325-344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124183011003003
Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Zabel, K. L., & Palmer, A. (2014). Personality and adaptive performance at work: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 162-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034285
Javadi, M. H. M., Salehzadeh, R., & Poor, S. H. (2013). Studying the relationship between humor and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 146-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v3-i3/100
Johnson, J. W. (2001). The relative importance of task and contextual performance dimensions to supervisor judgments of overall performance. Journal of applied psychology, 86(5), 984-996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.984
Kirsh, G. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (2003). Positive and negative aspects of sense of humor: Associations with the constructs of individualism and relatedness. Humor- International Journal of Humor Research, 16, 33-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2003.004
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta- analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of applied Psychology, 81(2), 123-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123
Lee, S. W., & Schwarz, N. (2010). Dirty hands and dirty mouths embodiment of the moral- purity metaphor is specific to the motor modality involved in moral transgression. Psychological Science. 1423-1425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610382788
Lefcourt, H. M., & Martin, R. A. (2012). Humor and life stress: Antidote to adversity. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
Lehmann-Willenbrock, N., & Allen, J. A. (2014). How fun are your meetings? Investigating the relationship between humor patterns in team interactions and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1278-1287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038083
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of personality and social psychology, 45(6), 1313-1324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1313
Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., & Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(1), 48-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008). Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of applied psychology, 93(3), 498-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
McGee, E., & Shevlin, M. (2009). Effect of humor on interpersonal attraction and mate selection. The Journal of Psychology, 143(1), 67-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.143.1.67-77
Mesmer-Magnus, J., Glew, D. J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2012). A meta-analysis of positive humor in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(2), 155-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941211199554
Miller, K., Birkholt, M., Scott, C., & Stage, C. (1995). Empathy and burnout in human service work an extension of a communication model. Communication Research, 22(2), 123-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009365095022002001
Mostert, K., & Joubert, A. F. (2015). Job stress, burnout and coping strategies in the South African Police Service. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 8(1), 39-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v8i1.1282
Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2011). Affective organizational commitment and citizenship behavior: Linear and non-linear moderating effects of organizational tenure. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 528-537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.006
OECD (2014). Average annual hours actually worked per worker. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ANHRS에서 2015, 11, 19 자료 얻음.
Ohly, S., & Fritz, C. (2010). Work characteristics, challenge appraisal, creativity, and proactive behavior: A multi‐level study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(4), 543-565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.633
Parasuraman, S., & Hansen, D. (1987). Coping with Work Stressors in Nursing Effects of Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Strategies. Work and Occupations, 14(1), 88-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888487014001005
Parker, P. A., & Kulik, J. A. (1995). Burnout, self-and supervisor-rated job performance, and absenteeism among nurses. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18(6), 581-599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01857897
Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of applied psychology, 85(4), 612-624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.612
Pulakos, E. D., Schmitt, N., Dorsey, D. W., Arad, S., Borman, W. C., & Hedge, J. W. (2002). Predicting adaptive performance: Further tests of a model of adaptability. Human performance, 15(4), 299-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1504_01
Rizzo, B. J., Wanzer, M. B., & Booth-Butterfield, M. (1999). Individual differences in managers' use of humor. Subordinate perceptions of managers’ humor. Communication Research Reports, 16(4), 360-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099909388737
Ployhart, R. E., & Bliese, P. D. (2006). Individual adaptability (I-ADAPT) theory: Conceptualizing the antecedents, consequences, and measurement of individual differences in adaptability. in C. Shawn Burke, Linda G. Pierce, Eduardo Salas (ed.) Understanding Adaptability: A Prerequisite for Effective Performance within Complex Environments (Advances in Human Performance and Cognitive Engineering Research, 6, 3-39. Somerville, MA: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3601(05)06001-7
Rod, M., & Ashill, N. J. (2009). Symptoms of burnout and service recovery performance: The influence of job resourcefulness. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 19(1), 60-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520910926818
Romero, E. J., & Cruthirds, K. W. (2006). The use of humor in the workplace. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2), 58-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.20591005
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi- sample study. Journal of organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach burnout inventory-general survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Test Manual, 1, 19-26.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Maslach, C. (1993). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research, 1-16.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Svebak, S. (1996). The development of the Sense of Humor Questionnaire: From SHQ to SHQ-6. International Journal of Humor Research, 9(3-4), 341-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1996.9.3-4.341
Talbot, L. A., & Lumden, D. B. (2000). On the association between humor and burnout. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 13(4), 419-428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2000.13.4.419
Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1993). Development and validation of a multidimensional sense of humor scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(1), 13-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199301)49:1<13::AID-JCLP2270490103>3.0.CO;2-S
Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial efference: implications of the vascular theory of emotion. Psychological review, 96(3), 395-416. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.395
Ziv, A. (1981). The psychology of humor. Tel Aviv: Yahdav.