Identification of dimensions in Organizational Safety Climate and relationship with safety behavior
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Abstract
The purposes of this study were 1) to identify the dimensions of organizational safety climate and 2) to examine how these dimensions were related to safety climate and safety behavior in organization. The present study proposed 10 dimensions of safety climate (Management's commitment; Effectiveness of safety communication; Safety rules and procedures; Supportive environment; Supervisory environment; Worker's involvement; Appraisal of physical work environment and work hazards; Work pressure; Competence; Safety training) based on Mohamed(2002)'s and Zohar(1980)'s study. Questionnaire was administered to 210 workers in a shipbuilding company. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that these 10 dimensions could be the valid factors of safety climate. The results of the multiple regression analysis which utilized safety climate as a criterion revealed that 4 dimensions were significant predictors(Appraisal of physical work environment and work hazards, Safety rules and procedures, Worker's involvement, Management's commitment). The same multiple regression analysis which used safety behavior as a criterion showed that 5 dimensions were significant predictors(Competence, Management's commitment, Safety rules and procedures, Worker's involvement, Supportive environment). Limitations of the study and implications for future research were discussed.
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Yi, J., Lee, J., & Seok, D. (2011). Identification of dimensions in Organizational Safety Climate and relationship with safety behavior. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 24(3), 627–650. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v24i3.627-650
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Empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
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Clarke, S. (2010). An integrative model of safety climate: Linking psychological climate and work attitudes to individual safety outcomes using meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 553-578.
Cheyne, A. J. T., Cox, S., Oliver, A., & Tomas, J. M. (1998). Modelling safety climate in the prediction of levels of safety activity. Work and Stress, 12, 255-271.
Choudhry, R. M., Fang, D., & Lingard, H. (2009). Measuring safety climate of a construction company, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135, 890-899.
Cooper, M. D., (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety Science, 36(2), 111-136.
Cox, S. J., & Cheyne, A. J. T. (2000). Assessing safety culture in offshore environments. Safety Science, 34, 1-3.
Dedobbeleer, N., & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measure for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 97-103.
Ek, A., & Akselsson, R. (2005). Safety culture on board six Swedish passenger ships. Maritime Policy & Management, 32(2), 159-176.
Flin, R., Mearns, K., O'Connor, P., & Bryden, R. (2000). Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177-192.
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Niskanen, T. (1994). Safety climate in the road administration. Safety Science, 7, 237-255.
Parker, S. K., Axtell, C. M., & Turner, N. (2001). Designing a safer workplace: importance of job autonomy, communication quality, and supportive supervisors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 211-228.
Rundmo, T. (1997). Associations between risk perception and safety. Safety Science, 24, 197-209.
Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., & Fong, D. (1999). Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. International Journal of Project Management, 17(5), 309-315.
Sutherland, V. J., & Cooper, C. L. (1991). Personality, stress and accident involvement in the offshore oil and gas industry. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 195-204.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. Oxford, England: Wiley.
Wiegmann, D. A., Zhang, H., von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G., & Gibbons, A. M. (2004). Safety culture: An integrative review. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14(2), 117-134.
Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Iverson, R. D. (2005). High-performance work systems and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 77-93.
Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96-102.
Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 587-596.
Zohar, D. (2003). Safety climate: Conceptual and measurement issues. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp.123-142). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Barling, J., Loughlin, C., & Kelloway, E. K. (2002). Development and test of a model linking safety-specific transformational leadership and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 488-496.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp.71-98). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Brown, R. L., & Holmes, H. (1986). The use of a factor-analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 445-470.
Clarke, S. (2010). An integrative model of safety climate: Linking psychological climate and work attitudes to individual safety outcomes using meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 553-578.
Cheyne, A. J. T., Cox, S., Oliver, A., & Tomas, J. M. (1998). Modelling safety climate in the prediction of levels of safety activity. Work and Stress, 12, 255-271.
Choudhry, R. M., Fang, D., & Lingard, H. (2009). Measuring safety climate of a construction company, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135, 890-899.
Cooper, M. D., (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety Science, 36(2), 111-136.
Cox, S. J., & Cheyne, A. J. T. (2000). Assessing safety culture in offshore environments. Safety Science, 34, 1-3.
Dedobbeleer, N., & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measure for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 97-103.
Ek, A., & Akselsson, R. (2005). Safety culture on board six Swedish passenger ships. Maritime Policy & Management, 32(2), 159-176.
Flin, R., Mearns, K., O'Connor, P., & Bryden, R. (2000). Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177-192.
Goldberg, A. I., Dar-El, E. M., and Rubin, A. E. (1991). Threat perception and the readiness to participate in safety programs. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 12, 109-122.
Grabowski, M., You, Z., Song, H., Wang, H., & Merrick, J. R. W (2010). Sailing on Friday: Developing the link between safety culture and performance in safety-critical systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A 40(2), 263-283.
Griffin, M. A., & Neal, A. (2000). Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 347-358.
Guldenmund, F. W. (2000). The nature of safety culture: A review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 215-257.
Hansen, C. P. (1989). A causal model of the relationship among accidents, biodata, personality and cognitive factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 81-90.
Hofmann, D. A., & Morgeson, F. P. (1999). Safety-related behavior as a social exchange: The role of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 286-296.
Hofmann, D. A., & Stetzer, A. (1996). A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychology, 49, 307-339.
Hood, S. (1994). Developing operating procedures: 9 steps to success. Accident Prevention, 41(3), 18-21.
Jöreskog K., & Sörbom D. (1999). LISREL 8.30. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software.
Langford, D., Rowlinson, S., & Sawacha, E. (2000). Safety behaviour and safety management: Its influence on the attitudes of workers in the UK construction industry. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, 7(2), 133-140.
Mohamed, S. (2002). Safety climate in construction site environments. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 128(5), 375-384.
Mohamed, S. (2003). Scorecard approach to benchmarking organizational safety culture in construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 129(1), 80-88.
Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 946-953.
Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99-109.
Niskanen, T. (1994). Safety climate in the road administration. Safety Science, 7, 237-255.
Parker, S. K., Axtell, C. M., & Turner, N. (2001). Designing a safer workplace: importance of job autonomy, communication quality, and supportive supervisors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 211-228.
Rundmo, T. (1997). Associations between risk perception and safety. Safety Science, 24, 197-209.
Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., & Fong, D. (1999). Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. International Journal of Project Management, 17(5), 309-315.
Sutherland, V. J., & Cooper, C. L. (1991). Personality, stress and accident involvement in the offshore oil and gas industry. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 195-204.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. Oxford, England: Wiley.
Wiegmann, D. A., Zhang, H., von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G., & Gibbons, A. M. (2004). Safety culture: An integrative review. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14(2), 117-134.
Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Iverson, R. D. (2005). High-performance work systems and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 77-93.
Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96-102.
Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 587-596.
Zohar, D. (2003). Safety climate: Conceptual and measurement issues. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp.123-142). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.