The effect of perception of organizational politics on turnover intention The mediating effect of stress and organizational commitment and moderating effect of honesty
Article Sidebar
Published:
Aug 31, 2013
Main Article Content
Abstract
The first purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perception of organizational politics and stress on turnover intention. The second was to examine the mediating effect of stress and organizational commitment in the relationship between perception of organizational politics and turnover intention. The third was to examine the moderating effect of honesty in the relationship between perception of organizational politics and stress. Data were gathered from 203 employees who were working in various organizations in Korea. As results, perception of organizational politics and stress had positive relationship with turnover intention. Stress and organizational commitment sequentially mediated in the relationship between perception of organizational politics and turnover intention. Also, honesty had moderating effect in the relationship between perception of organizational politics and stress because the relationship was more positive when honesty was high than low. Finally, implication of results and limitations and future research tasks were discussed.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
Article Details
How to Cite
Jang, J., & Yoo, T. (2013). The effect of perception of organizational politics on turnover intention: The mediating effect of stress and organizational commitment and moderating effect of honesty. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 26(3), 413–436. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v26i3.413-436
Section
Empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
김영철 (2002). 직무스트레스와 이직의도의 인과관계. 관광경영학연구, 6, 217-241.
김정선 (2012). [김정선의 직장인 생존법] 당신은 누군가의 사람입니까? 스포츠경향, 12면. 5월 20일자.
박성수 (2002). 경찰공무원의 스트레스가 이직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 한국공안행정학회보, 13, 99-135.
박형인, 남숙경, 양은주 (2011). 직무소진과 직무태도 및 이직의도와의 관계: 메타분석적 문헌 고찰. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24, 457-491.
배성현, 김미선 (2009). 조직공정성과 상사신뢰, 직무긴장, 이직의도와의 관계 및 조직정치 지각의 매개효과. 인적자원관리연구, 16, 123-148.
배성현, 김미선 (2010). 조직정치와 조직시민행동, 직무긴장, 이직의도와 관계 및 조직지원 인식의 매개효과. 조직과 인사관리연구, 34, 1-30.
오인수, 김광현, Darnold, T. C., 황종오, 유태용, 박영아, 박량희 (2007). 직무만족, 조직몰입, 성과, 이직의도 간의 관련성: 문헌고찰 및 메타분석. 인사ㆍ조직연구, 15, 43-86.
유태용 (2007). 성격의 6요인(HEXACO) 모델에 의한 성격특성과 조직구성원 직무수행 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 20, 283-314.
유태용 역 (2012). 산업 및 조직심리학(제10판). 시그마프레스.
유태용, 이기범, Ashton, M. C. (2004). 한국판 HEXACO 성격검사의 구성타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18, 61-75.
유태용, 현희정 (2003). 개인과 조직성격간 부합, 개인과 직무특성간 부합이 조직과 직무에 대한 태도 및 행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16, 201- 222.
유화숙, 박광희 (2005). 섬유패션산업 종사자의 직무스트레스 요인, 직무스트레스 징후 및 직무성과. 대학가정학회지, 41, 93-106.
이규만, 도광섭 (2006). 군조직에서의 조직정치지각이 구성원의 태도 및 행동에 미치는 영향. 경영교육연구, 41, 51-67.
이재원 (2006). 조직정치 인식과 조직원 반응 사이에서의 조직기반 자긍심의 조절효과에 관한 연구. 인사․조직연구, 14, 89- 116.
전수진 (2011). 조직정치지각이 주관적 경력성공에 미치는 영향: 정치적 행동, 경력개발지원의 매개효과. 부산대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
최명옥, 유태용 (2005). 개인-조직, 개인-직무, 개인-상사 부합이 조직몰입, 직무만족, 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 부합들간의 상호작용 효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18, 139-162.
최선영 (2004). 조직정치지각이 직무스트레스와 조직유효성에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2001). A theoretical basis of major personality. European Journal of Personality, 15, 327-353.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2002). Six independent factors of personality description: A response to Saucier. European Journal of Personality, 16, 63-75.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Perugini, M., Szarota, P., De Vries, R. E., Di Blas, L., Boies, K., & De Raad, B. (2004). A six-factor sturcture of personality-descriptive adjectives: Solutions from psycholexical studies in seven languages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 356-366.
Beehr, T. A. (1995). Psychology stress in the workplace. London: Routledge.
Beehr, T. A., Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31, 665-699.
Blau, G. J. (1986). Job involvement and organizational commitment as interactive predictors of tardiness and absenteeism. Journal of Management, 12, 577-584.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation model(pp.136-162). Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chang, C. H., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: A meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 779-801.
Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2008). Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 296-325.
Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Organizational source of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, 11-28.
Cooper-Hakim, A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 241-259.
Cropanzano, R., & Li, A. (2006). Organizational politics and workplace stress. In E. Vigoda-Gadot & A. Drury (Eds.), Handbook of organizational politics(pp.139-160). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Cullen, M. J., & Sackett, P. R. (2003). Personality and counter productive workplace behavior. In M. R. Barrick & A. M. Ryan (Eds.), Personality and work(pp.150-182). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Bourgeois, L. J. (1988). Politics of strategic decision making in high-velocity environments: toward a midrange theory. Academy of Management Journal, 31, 737-770.
Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of organizational politics: Theory and research directions. In F. J. Yammarino & F. Dansereau (Eds.), Research in multi-level issues(pp.179-254). Oxford, England: JAI Press.
Ferris, G, R., Frink, D. D., Galang, M. C., Zhou, J., Kacmar, K. M., & Howard, J. L. (1996). Perceptions of organizational politics: prediction, stress-related implication and outcomes. Human Relations, 49, 233-266.
Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D., Gilmore, D. C., & Kacmar, K. M. (1994). Understanding as an antidote for the dysfunctional consequences of organizational politics as stressor. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1204-1220.
Ferris, G. R., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2011). Organizational politics. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology(pp.435-459). Washington, DC: APA.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perception of organizational politics. Journal of Management, 18, 93-116.
Ferris, G. R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M. (1989). Politics in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Impression management in organizations(pp.143-170). Newbury park, CA: Sage.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26-34.
Gilmore, D. C., Ferris, G. R., Dulebohn, J. H., & Harrell-Cook, G. (1996). Organizational politics and employee attendance. Group and Organization Management, 21, 481-494.
Gupta, N. & Beehr, T. A. (1979). Job stress and employee behaviors. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23, 373-387.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
Hobfoll, S. E., & Shirom, A. (1993). Stress and burnout in the workplace: conservation of resources. In R. T. Golembiewski(Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior(Vol. 2, pp.41-60).
Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Ivancevich, J. M., & Matteson, M. T. (1980). Stress and work: A managerial perspective. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman.
Kacmar, K. M., Bozeman, D. P., Carlson, D. S., & Anthony, W. P. (1999). An examination of the perceptions of organizational politics model: Replication and extension. Human Relations, 52, 383-416.
Kacmar, K. M., & Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of political scale(POPS): A multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management, 23, 627-658.
Kacmar, K. M, & Ferris, G. R., (1991). Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): Development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological Management, 51, 193-205.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329-358.
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & De Vries, R. (2005). Predicting workplace delinquency and integrity with the HEXACO and Five-Factor Models of personality structure. Human Performance, 18, 179-197.
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Wiltshire. J., Bourdage, J. S., Visser, B. A., & Gallucci, A. (2012). Sex, power, and money: Prediction from the dark triad and honesty-humility. European Journal of Personality, Early view, DOI:10.1002/per.1860.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical properties. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.). Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Maslyn, J. M., & Fedor, D. B. (1998). Perception of politics: Does measuring different foci matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 645-653.
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171- 194.
Miller, B. K., Rutherford, M. A., & Kolodinsky, R. W. (2008). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta analysis of outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 209-222.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organizations linkage: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Parker, D. F., & Decottis, T. A. (1983). Organizational determinants of job stress. Organizational behavior and Human performance, 32, 160-177.
Parker, C. P., Dipboye, R. L., & Jackson, S. L. (1995). Perceptions of organizational politics: An investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management, 21, 891-912.
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1996). Evidence for Big Five in analysis of familiar english personality adjectives. European Journal of Personality, 10, 61-77.
Schuler, R. S. (1980). Definition and conceptualization of stree in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performancee, 25, 184-215.
Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E., (1986). Meaning stress though PHRM practices: An uncertainly interpretation. In Rowland, K. M. & Ferris, G. R. (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management(Vol. 4). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Siu, O. (2003). Job stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of chinese work values and organizational commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38, 337-347.
Selye, H. (1974). Stress without distress. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Spector, P. E., Dwyer, D. J. & Jex, S. M. (1988). Relation of job stress to effective, health and performance outcomes: A comparison of multiple data source. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 11-19.
Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259-293.
Vakola, M., & Nikolasu, I. (2005). Attitudes towards organizational change: What is the role of employees stress and commitment? Employee Relations, 27, 160-174.
Valle, M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human Relations, 53, 359-386.
Witt, L. A., Andrews, M. C., & Kacmar, K. M. (2000). The role of participation in decision-making in the organizational politics- job satisfaction relationship. Human Relations, 53, 341-358.
김정선 (2012). [김정선의 직장인 생존법] 당신은 누군가의 사람입니까? 스포츠경향, 12면. 5월 20일자.
박성수 (2002). 경찰공무원의 스트레스가 이직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 한국공안행정학회보, 13, 99-135.
박형인, 남숙경, 양은주 (2011). 직무소진과 직무태도 및 이직의도와의 관계: 메타분석적 문헌 고찰. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24, 457-491.
배성현, 김미선 (2009). 조직공정성과 상사신뢰, 직무긴장, 이직의도와의 관계 및 조직정치 지각의 매개효과. 인적자원관리연구, 16, 123-148.
배성현, 김미선 (2010). 조직정치와 조직시민행동, 직무긴장, 이직의도와 관계 및 조직지원 인식의 매개효과. 조직과 인사관리연구, 34, 1-30.
오인수, 김광현, Darnold, T. C., 황종오, 유태용, 박영아, 박량희 (2007). 직무만족, 조직몰입, 성과, 이직의도 간의 관련성: 문헌고찰 및 메타분석. 인사ㆍ조직연구, 15, 43-86.
유태용 (2007). 성격의 6요인(HEXACO) 모델에 의한 성격특성과 조직구성원 직무수행 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 20, 283-314.
유태용 역 (2012). 산업 및 조직심리학(제10판). 시그마프레스.
유태용, 이기범, Ashton, M. C. (2004). 한국판 HEXACO 성격검사의 구성타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18, 61-75.
유태용, 현희정 (2003). 개인과 조직성격간 부합, 개인과 직무특성간 부합이 조직과 직무에 대한 태도 및 행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16, 201- 222.
유화숙, 박광희 (2005). 섬유패션산업 종사자의 직무스트레스 요인, 직무스트레스 징후 및 직무성과. 대학가정학회지, 41, 93-106.
이규만, 도광섭 (2006). 군조직에서의 조직정치지각이 구성원의 태도 및 행동에 미치는 영향. 경영교육연구, 41, 51-67.
이재원 (2006). 조직정치 인식과 조직원 반응 사이에서의 조직기반 자긍심의 조절효과에 관한 연구. 인사․조직연구, 14, 89- 116.
전수진 (2011). 조직정치지각이 주관적 경력성공에 미치는 영향: 정치적 행동, 경력개발지원의 매개효과. 부산대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
최명옥, 유태용 (2005). 개인-조직, 개인-직무, 개인-상사 부합이 조직몰입, 직무만족, 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 부합들간의 상호작용 효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18, 139-162.
최선영 (2004). 조직정치지각이 직무스트레스와 조직유효성에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2001). A theoretical basis of major personality. European Journal of Personality, 15, 327-353.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2002). Six independent factors of personality description: A response to Saucier. European Journal of Personality, 16, 63-75.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Perugini, M., Szarota, P., De Vries, R. E., Di Blas, L., Boies, K., & De Raad, B. (2004). A six-factor sturcture of personality-descriptive adjectives: Solutions from psycholexical studies in seven languages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 356-366.
Beehr, T. A. (1995). Psychology stress in the workplace. London: Routledge.
Beehr, T. A., Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31, 665-699.
Blau, G. J. (1986). Job involvement and organizational commitment as interactive predictors of tardiness and absenteeism. Journal of Management, 12, 577-584.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation model(pp.136-162). Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chang, C. H., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: A meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 779-801.
Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2008). Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 296-325.
Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Organizational source of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, 11-28.
Cooper-Hakim, A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 241-259.
Cropanzano, R., & Li, A. (2006). Organizational politics and workplace stress. In E. Vigoda-Gadot & A. Drury (Eds.), Handbook of organizational politics(pp.139-160). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Cullen, M. J., & Sackett, P. R. (2003). Personality and counter productive workplace behavior. In M. R. Barrick & A. M. Ryan (Eds.), Personality and work(pp.150-182). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Bourgeois, L. J. (1988). Politics of strategic decision making in high-velocity environments: toward a midrange theory. Academy of Management Journal, 31, 737-770.
Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of organizational politics: Theory and research directions. In F. J. Yammarino & F. Dansereau (Eds.), Research in multi-level issues(pp.179-254). Oxford, England: JAI Press.
Ferris, G, R., Frink, D. D., Galang, M. C., Zhou, J., Kacmar, K. M., & Howard, J. L. (1996). Perceptions of organizational politics: prediction, stress-related implication and outcomes. Human Relations, 49, 233-266.
Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D., Gilmore, D. C., & Kacmar, K. M. (1994). Understanding as an antidote for the dysfunctional consequences of organizational politics as stressor. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1204-1220.
Ferris, G. R., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2011). Organizational politics. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology(pp.435-459). Washington, DC: APA.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perception of organizational politics. Journal of Management, 18, 93-116.
Ferris, G. R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M. (1989). Politics in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Impression management in organizations(pp.143-170). Newbury park, CA: Sage.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26-34.
Gilmore, D. C., Ferris, G. R., Dulebohn, J. H., & Harrell-Cook, G. (1996). Organizational politics and employee attendance. Group and Organization Management, 21, 481-494.
Gupta, N. & Beehr, T. A. (1979). Job stress and employee behaviors. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23, 373-387.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
Hobfoll, S. E., & Shirom, A. (1993). Stress and burnout in the workplace: conservation of resources. In R. T. Golembiewski(Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior(Vol. 2, pp.41-60).
Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Ivancevich, J. M., & Matteson, M. T. (1980). Stress and work: A managerial perspective. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman.
Kacmar, K. M., Bozeman, D. P., Carlson, D. S., & Anthony, W. P. (1999). An examination of the perceptions of organizational politics model: Replication and extension. Human Relations, 52, 383-416.
Kacmar, K. M., & Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of political scale(POPS): A multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management, 23, 627-658.
Kacmar, K. M, & Ferris, G. R., (1991). Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): Development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological Management, 51, 193-205.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329-358.
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & De Vries, R. (2005). Predicting workplace delinquency and integrity with the HEXACO and Five-Factor Models of personality structure. Human Performance, 18, 179-197.
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Wiltshire. J., Bourdage, J. S., Visser, B. A., & Gallucci, A. (2012). Sex, power, and money: Prediction from the dark triad and honesty-humility. European Journal of Personality, Early view, DOI:10.1002/per.1860.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical properties. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.). Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Maslyn, J. M., & Fedor, D. B. (1998). Perception of politics: Does measuring different foci matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 645-653.
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171- 194.
Miller, B. K., Rutherford, M. A., & Kolodinsky, R. W. (2008). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta analysis of outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 209-222.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organizations linkage: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Parker, D. F., & Decottis, T. A. (1983). Organizational determinants of job stress. Organizational behavior and Human performance, 32, 160-177.
Parker, C. P., Dipboye, R. L., & Jackson, S. L. (1995). Perceptions of organizational politics: An investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management, 21, 891-912.
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1996). Evidence for Big Five in analysis of familiar english personality adjectives. European Journal of Personality, 10, 61-77.
Schuler, R. S. (1980). Definition and conceptualization of stree in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performancee, 25, 184-215.
Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E., (1986). Meaning stress though PHRM practices: An uncertainly interpretation. In Rowland, K. M. & Ferris, G. R. (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management(Vol. 4). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Siu, O. (2003). Job stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of chinese work values and organizational commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38, 337-347.
Selye, H. (1974). Stress without distress. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Spector, P. E., Dwyer, D. J. & Jex, S. M. (1988). Relation of job stress to effective, health and performance outcomes: A comparison of multiple data source. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 11-19.
Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259-293.
Vakola, M., & Nikolasu, I. (2005). Attitudes towards organizational change: What is the role of employees stress and commitment? Employee Relations, 27, 160-174.
Valle, M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human Relations, 53, 359-386.
Witt, L. A., Andrews, M. C., & Kacmar, K. M. (2000). The role of participation in decision-making in the organizational politics- job satisfaction relationship. Human Relations, 53, 341-358.