The buffering effects of positive emotion on the relationship between interpersonal conflict and relationship damage A moderated mediation study
Article Sidebar
Published:
Nov 30, 2015
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to examine the buffering effects of positive emotion on the relationship between interpersonal conflict and relationship damage. The present research proposed the moderated mediation model in which perceived interactional injustice from the other party in conflict situations has an effect on relationship damage via residual emotion, and the strength of the mediation effect is weakened by the experience of positive emotion. Results from a sample of 215 participants showed that the strength of the mediated effects of perceived injustice on relationship damage through residual emotion was weaker at higher levels of positive emotion than at lower levels of positive emotion. These findings support the buffering effects of positive emotion on the relationship between perceived injustice in conflict and relationship damage, suggesting that the experience of positive emotion can serve as a protective factor against the negative effect of interpersonal conflict on relationship maintenance. The discussion focuses on implications of the findings in terms of conflict management, limitations and suggestions for future research.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
Article Details
How to Cite
Oh , S., & Suh, Y. (2015). The buffering effects of positive emotion on the relationship between interpersonal conflict and relationship damage: A moderated mediation study. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 28(4), 663–688. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v28i4.663-688
Section
Empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
강규산, 탁진국 (2011). 팀내 경쟁과 팀 몰입, 팀 만족의 관계: 관계갈등의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), 157-181.
김형주, 유태용 (2013). 직무과부하가 직무탈진에 미치는 영향: 긍정심리자본의 매개효과와 사회적 지지와 성격의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 26(2), 317- 340.
노상충, 서용원 (2014). 일터영성(Workplace Spirituality) 5요인 모형의 개념화 및 척도개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(2), 419-447.
안보배, 박세영. (2014). 직장인의 자아탄력성과 사회적 지지의 지각이 직무만족과 소진에 미치는 효과: 사회적 지지 지각의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(3), 497-517.
오선영, 서용원 (2014). 갈등에 대한 마인드셋(mindset): 관계갈등 경험이 관계친밀도에 미치는 영향에 대한 인지적 분석. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(2), 389-418.
최대정, 최가영, 박동건 (2005). 리더의 정서 표현이 팀 구성원의 정서경험에 미치는 영향: 정서규범과 정체화 수준의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(2), 201-224.
탁진국, 임그린, 정재희 (2014). 일반논문: 행복증진을 위한 긍정심리기반 코칭프로그램 개발 및 효과성 검증. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 33(1), 139-166.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Almeida, D. M. (2005). Resilience and vulnerability to daily stressors assessed via diary methods. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 64-68.
Balliet, D., & Van Lange, P. A. (2013). Trust, conflict, and cooperation: A meta- analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 1090-1112.
Barclay, L. J., Skarlicki, D. P., & Pugh, S. D. (2005). Exploring the role of emotions in injustice perceptions and retaliation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 629-642.
Barling, J., Dupré, K. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2009). Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5, 323-370.
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., DeWall, C. N., & Zhang, L. (2007). How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 167-203.
Blanchette, I., & Richards, A. (2010). The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 561-595.
Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 579-616.
Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Schilling, E. A. (1989). Effects of daily stress on negative mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 808-818.
Bowling, N. A., Beehr, T. A., & Swader, W. M. (2005). Giving and receiving social support at work: The roles of personality and reciprocity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 476-489.
Bradley, B. H., Postlethwaite, B. E., Klotz, A. C., Hamdani, M. R., & Brown, K. G. (2012). Reaping the benefits of task conflict in teams: the critical role of team psychological safety climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 151-158.
Burton, J. P., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2005). The role of self-esteem and social influences in aggressive reactions to interactional injustice. Journal of Business and Psychology, 20, 131-170.
Bylsma, L. M., Taylor-Clift, A., & Rottenberg, J. (2011). Emotional reactivity to daily events in major and minor depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 155-167.
Campbell, W. K., & Sedikides, C. (1999). Self-threat magnifies the self-serving bias: A meta-analytic integration. Review of General Psychology, 3, 23-43.
Catlin, G., & Epstein, S. (1992). Unforgettable experiences: The relation of life events to basic beliefs about self and world. Social Cognition, 10, 189-209.
Chang, E. C. (1998). Dispositional optimism and primary and secondary appraisal of a stressor: Controlling for confounding influences and relations to coping and psychological and physical adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1109-1120.
Cole, M. S., Walter, F., & Bruch, H. (2008). Affective mechanisms linking dysfunctional behavior to performance in work teams: a moderated mediation study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 945-958.
Coleman, M. D. (2013). Emotion and the ultimate attribution error. Current Psychology, 32, 71-81.
Congard, A., Dauvier, B., Antoine, P., & Gilles, P. Y. (2011). Integrating personality, daily life events and emotion: Role of anxiety and positive affect in emotion regulation dynamics. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 372-384.
Davidson, R. J. (1998). Affective style and affective disorders: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 307-330.
Davis, C. G., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Larson, J. (1998). Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: two construals of meaning. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(2), 561-574.
Dbaibo, D., Harb, C., & Van Meurs, N. (2010). Values and justice as predictors of perceived stress in Lebanese organisational settings. Applied Psychology, 59, 701-720.
De Dreu, C. K., & Beersma, B. (2005). Conflict in organizations: Beyond effectiveness and performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 105-117.
De Dreu, C. K., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 741-749.
De Dreu, C. K., Evers, A., Beersma, B., Kluwer, E. S., & Nauta, A. (2001). A theory‐based measure of conflict management strategies in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 645-668.
De Wit, F. R., Greer, L. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 360-390.
Dijkstra, M. T., Van Dierendonck, D., & Evers, A. (2005). Responding to conflict at work and individual well-being: The mediating role of flight behaviour and feelings of helplessness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 119-135.
Dimotakis, N., Scott, B. A., & Koopman, J. (2011). An experience sampling investigation of workplace interactions, affective states, and employee well‐being. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 572-588.
Dunn, J. R., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2005). Feeling and believing: the influence of emotion on trust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 736.
Eaton, L. G., & Funder, D. C. (2001). Emotional experience in daily life: Valence, variability, and rate of change. Emotion, 1, 413–421.
Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1055-1067.
Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., & Nag, M. (2010). The road to forgiveness: a meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 894-914.
Feldman, S. I., Downey, G., & Schaffer-Neitz, R. (1999). Pain, negative mood, and perceived support in chronic pain patients: a daily diary study of people with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 67, 776-785.
Ferris, D. L., Spence, J. R., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. (2012). Interpersonal Injustice and Workplace Deviance The Role of Esteem Threat. Journal of Management, 38, 1788-1811.
Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12, 384-412.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a successful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: a theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839.
Frazier, P. A., Mortensen, H., & Steward, J. (2005). Coping strategies as mediators of the relations among perceived control and distress in sexual assault survivors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 267-278.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226.
Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 237-258.
Friedman, R. A., Tidd, S. T., Currall, S. C., & Tsai, J. C. (2000). What goes around comes around: The impact of personal conflict style on work conflict and stress. International Journal of Conflict Management, 11, 32-55.
Fulmer, C. A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2012). At what level (and in whom) we trust trust across multiple organizational levels. Journal of Management, 38, 1167-1230.
Gayle, B. M., & Preiss, R. W. (1998). Assessing emotionality in organizational conflicts. Management Communication Quarterly, 12, 280-302.
Gelfand, M. J., Higgins, M., Nishii, L. H., Raver, J. L., Dominguez, A., Murakami, F., Yamaguchi, S., & Toyama, M. (2002). Culture and egocentric perceptions of fairness in conflict and negotiation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 833-845.
Gilbert, K. E. (2012). The neglected role of positive emotion in adolescent psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 467-481.
Goldberg, J. H., Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Rage and reason: The psychology of the intuitive prosecutor. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 781-795.
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In Gross J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation(pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford.
Halbesleben, J. R. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1134-1145.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. X., & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 41-65.
Huebner, B., Dwyer, S., & Hauser, M. (2009). The role of emotion in moral psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 1-6.
Inness, M., LeBlanc, M. M., & Barling, J. (2008). Psychosocial predictors of supervisor-, peer-, subordinate-, and service-provider-targeted aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1401-1411.
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press
Johnson, R. E., & Lord, R. G. (2010). Implicit effects of justice on self-identity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 681-697.
Judge, T. A., & Colquitt, J. A. (2004). Organizational justice and stress: The mediating role of work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 395-403.
Kaplan, S., Bradley, J. C., Luchman, J. N., & Haynes, D. (2009). On the role of positive and negative affectivity in job performance: a meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 162-176.
Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2004). The Psychology of worldviews. Review of General Psychology, 8, 3-58.
Kramer, R. M., & Lewicki, R. J. (2010). Repairing and enhancing trust: Approaches to reducing organizational trust deficits. The Academy of Management Annals, 4, 245-277.
Krieglmeyer, R., Deutsch, R., De Houwer, J., & De Raedt, R. (2010). Being moved valence activates approach-avoidance behavior independently of evaluation and approach- avoidance intentions. Psychological Science, 21, 607-613.
Kuppens, P., Oravecz, Z., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2010). Feelings change: Accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 1042-1060.
Lang, P. J. (1995). The emotion probe: studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50, 372-385.
Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M. (2010). Emotion and the motivational brain. Biological Psychology, 84, 437-450.
Langfred, C. W. (2007). The downside of self-management: A longitudinal study of the effects of conflict on trust, autonomy, and task interdependence in self-managing teams. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 885-900.
Larsen, J., McGraw, A. P., & Cacioppo, J. (2001). Can people feel happy and sad at the same time?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 684-696.
Lazarus, R. S. (2006a). Emotions and Interpersonal Relationships: Toward a Person‐Centered Conceptualization of Emotions and Coping. Journal of Personality, 74, 9-46.
Lazarus, R. S. (2006b). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. Springer Publishing Company.
Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (2003). The self as an organizing construct in the behavioral and social sciences. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity(pp. 3-14). New York, NY: Guilford.
Lerner, J. S., Goldberg, J. H., & Tetlock, P. E. (1998). Sober second thought: The effects of accountability, anger, and authoritarianism on attributions of responsibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 563-574.
McCarrey, M., Edwards, H. P., & Rozario, W. (1982). Ego-relevant feedback, affect, and self-serving attributional bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 189-194.
McCullough, M. E., Worthington Jr, E. L., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of personality and social psychology, 73, 321-336.
Mikula, G., Petrik, B., & Tanzer, N. (1990). What people regard as unjust: Types and structures of everyday experiences of injustice. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 133-149.
Mikula, G., Scherer, K. R., & Athenstaedt, U. (1998). The role of injustice in the elicitation of differential emotional reactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 769-783.
Miller, D. T. (2001). Disrespect and the experience of injustice. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 527-553.
Moneta, G. B., Vulpe, A., & Rogaten, J. (2012). Can positive affect “undo” negative affect? A longitudinal study of affect in studying. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 448-452.
Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 852-863.
Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 257-301.
Park, C. L., & Folkman, S. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1, 115-144.
Pham, M. T. (2007). Emotion and rationality: A critical review and interpretation of empirical evidence. Review of general psychology, 11, 155-178.
Potter, P. T., Smith, B. W., Strobel, K. R., & Zautra, A. J. (2002). Interpersonal workplace stressors and well-being: A multi-wave study of employees with and without arthritis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 789-796.
Röcke, C., Li, S. C., & Smith, J. (2009). Intraindividual Variability in positive and negative affect over 45 days: do older adults fluctuate less than young adults?. Psychology and Aging, 24, 863-878.
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 173-220.
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513-523.
Shih, J. H., & Eberhart, N. K. (2010). Gender differences in the associations between interpersonal behaviors and stress generation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 243-255.
Shirom, A., & Mayer, A. (1993). Stress and strain among union lay officials and rank‐and‐file members. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 401-413.
Siegel Christian, J., Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Ellis, A. P. (2012). Examining retaliatory responses to justice violations and recovery attempts in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 1218-1232.
Simons, T. L., & Peterson, R. S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: the pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 102-111.
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of applied Psychology, 82, 434-443.
Steger, M. F., & Kashdan, T. B. (2013). The unbearable lightness of meaning: Well-being and unstable meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8, 103-115.
Thagard, P., & Nerb, J. (2002). Emotional gestalts: Appraisal, change, and the dynamics of affect. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 274-282.
Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C., & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73, 313-360.
Tjosvold, D. (2008). The conflict‐positive organization: It depends upon us. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 19-28.
Tomlinson, E. C., Dineen, B. R., & Lewicki, R. J. (2004). The road to reconciliation: Antecedents of victim willingness to reconcile following a broken promise. Journal of Management, 30, 165-187.
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2007). Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 311-333.
Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115-191.
Van Prooijen, J. W. (2009). Procedural justice as autonomy regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1166-1180.
Venkataramani, V., Labianca, G. J., & Grosser, T. (2013). Positive and negative workplace relationships, social satisfaction, and organizational attachment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 1028-1039.
Verduyn, P., Delvaux, E., Van Coillie, H., Tuerlinckx, F., & Van Mechelen, I. (2009). Predicting the duration of emotional experience: two experience sampling studies. Emotion, 9, 83-91.
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 314-334.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form. Iowa City, IA: The University of Iowa.
Westphal, M., & Bonanno, G. A. (2007). Posttraumatic growth and resilience to trauma: Different sides of the same coin or different coins?. Applied Psychology, 56, 417-427.
Zautra, A. J., Affleck, G. G., Tennen, H., Reich, J. W., & Davis, M. C. (2005). Dynamic approaches to emotions and stress in everyday life: Bolger and Zuckerman reloaded with positive as well as negative affects. Journal of Personality, 73, 1511-1538.
김형주, 유태용 (2013). 직무과부하가 직무탈진에 미치는 영향: 긍정심리자본의 매개효과와 사회적 지지와 성격의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 26(2), 317- 340.
노상충, 서용원 (2014). 일터영성(Workplace Spirituality) 5요인 모형의 개념화 및 척도개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(2), 419-447.
안보배, 박세영. (2014). 직장인의 자아탄력성과 사회적 지지의 지각이 직무만족과 소진에 미치는 효과: 사회적 지지 지각의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(3), 497-517.
오선영, 서용원 (2014). 갈등에 대한 마인드셋(mindset): 관계갈등 경험이 관계친밀도에 미치는 영향에 대한 인지적 분석. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(2), 389-418.
최대정, 최가영, 박동건 (2005). 리더의 정서 표현이 팀 구성원의 정서경험에 미치는 영향: 정서규범과 정체화 수준의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(2), 201-224.
탁진국, 임그린, 정재희 (2014). 일반논문: 행복증진을 위한 긍정심리기반 코칭프로그램 개발 및 효과성 검증. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 33(1), 139-166.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Almeida, D. M. (2005). Resilience and vulnerability to daily stressors assessed via diary methods. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 64-68.
Balliet, D., & Van Lange, P. A. (2013). Trust, conflict, and cooperation: A meta- analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 1090-1112.
Barclay, L. J., Skarlicki, D. P., & Pugh, S. D. (2005). Exploring the role of emotions in injustice perceptions and retaliation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 629-642.
Barling, J., Dupré, K. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2009). Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5, 323-370.
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., DeWall, C. N., & Zhang, L. (2007). How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 167-203.
Blanchette, I., & Richards, A. (2010). The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 561-595.
Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 579-616.
Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Schilling, E. A. (1989). Effects of daily stress on negative mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 808-818.
Bowling, N. A., Beehr, T. A., & Swader, W. M. (2005). Giving and receiving social support at work: The roles of personality and reciprocity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 476-489.
Bradley, B. H., Postlethwaite, B. E., Klotz, A. C., Hamdani, M. R., & Brown, K. G. (2012). Reaping the benefits of task conflict in teams: the critical role of team psychological safety climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 151-158.
Burton, J. P., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2005). The role of self-esteem and social influences in aggressive reactions to interactional injustice. Journal of Business and Psychology, 20, 131-170.
Bylsma, L. M., Taylor-Clift, A., & Rottenberg, J. (2011). Emotional reactivity to daily events in major and minor depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 155-167.
Campbell, W. K., & Sedikides, C. (1999). Self-threat magnifies the self-serving bias: A meta-analytic integration. Review of General Psychology, 3, 23-43.
Catlin, G., & Epstein, S. (1992). Unforgettable experiences: The relation of life events to basic beliefs about self and world. Social Cognition, 10, 189-209.
Chang, E. C. (1998). Dispositional optimism and primary and secondary appraisal of a stressor: Controlling for confounding influences and relations to coping and psychological and physical adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1109-1120.
Cole, M. S., Walter, F., & Bruch, H. (2008). Affective mechanisms linking dysfunctional behavior to performance in work teams: a moderated mediation study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 945-958.
Coleman, M. D. (2013). Emotion and the ultimate attribution error. Current Psychology, 32, 71-81.
Congard, A., Dauvier, B., Antoine, P., & Gilles, P. Y. (2011). Integrating personality, daily life events and emotion: Role of anxiety and positive affect in emotion regulation dynamics. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 372-384.
Davidson, R. J. (1998). Affective style and affective disorders: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 307-330.
Davis, C. G., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Larson, J. (1998). Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: two construals of meaning. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(2), 561-574.
Dbaibo, D., Harb, C., & Van Meurs, N. (2010). Values and justice as predictors of perceived stress in Lebanese organisational settings. Applied Psychology, 59, 701-720.
De Dreu, C. K., & Beersma, B. (2005). Conflict in organizations: Beyond effectiveness and performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 105-117.
De Dreu, C. K., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 741-749.
De Dreu, C. K., Evers, A., Beersma, B., Kluwer, E. S., & Nauta, A. (2001). A theory‐based measure of conflict management strategies in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 645-668.
De Wit, F. R., Greer, L. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 360-390.
Dijkstra, M. T., Van Dierendonck, D., & Evers, A. (2005). Responding to conflict at work and individual well-being: The mediating role of flight behaviour and feelings of helplessness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 119-135.
Dimotakis, N., Scott, B. A., & Koopman, J. (2011). An experience sampling investigation of workplace interactions, affective states, and employee well‐being. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 572-588.
Dunn, J. R., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2005). Feeling and believing: the influence of emotion on trust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 736.
Eaton, L. G., & Funder, D. C. (2001). Emotional experience in daily life: Valence, variability, and rate of change. Emotion, 1, 413–421.
Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1055-1067.
Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., & Nag, M. (2010). The road to forgiveness: a meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 894-914.
Feldman, S. I., Downey, G., & Schaffer-Neitz, R. (1999). Pain, negative mood, and perceived support in chronic pain patients: a daily diary study of people with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 67, 776-785.
Ferris, D. L., Spence, J. R., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. (2012). Interpersonal Injustice and Workplace Deviance The Role of Esteem Threat. Journal of Management, 38, 1788-1811.
Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12, 384-412.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a successful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: a theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839.
Frazier, P. A., Mortensen, H., & Steward, J. (2005). Coping strategies as mediators of the relations among perceived control and distress in sexual assault survivors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 267-278.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226.
Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 237-258.
Friedman, R. A., Tidd, S. T., Currall, S. C., & Tsai, J. C. (2000). What goes around comes around: The impact of personal conflict style on work conflict and stress. International Journal of Conflict Management, 11, 32-55.
Fulmer, C. A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2012). At what level (and in whom) we trust trust across multiple organizational levels. Journal of Management, 38, 1167-1230.
Gayle, B. M., & Preiss, R. W. (1998). Assessing emotionality in organizational conflicts. Management Communication Quarterly, 12, 280-302.
Gelfand, M. J., Higgins, M., Nishii, L. H., Raver, J. L., Dominguez, A., Murakami, F., Yamaguchi, S., & Toyama, M. (2002). Culture and egocentric perceptions of fairness in conflict and negotiation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 833-845.
Gilbert, K. E. (2012). The neglected role of positive emotion in adolescent psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 467-481.
Goldberg, J. H., Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Rage and reason: The psychology of the intuitive prosecutor. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 781-795.
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In Gross J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation(pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford.
Halbesleben, J. R. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1134-1145.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. X., & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 41-65.
Huebner, B., Dwyer, S., & Hauser, M. (2009). The role of emotion in moral psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 1-6.
Inness, M., LeBlanc, M. M., & Barling, J. (2008). Psychosocial predictors of supervisor-, peer-, subordinate-, and service-provider-targeted aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1401-1411.
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press
Johnson, R. E., & Lord, R. G. (2010). Implicit effects of justice on self-identity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 681-697.
Judge, T. A., & Colquitt, J. A. (2004). Organizational justice and stress: The mediating role of work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 395-403.
Kaplan, S., Bradley, J. C., Luchman, J. N., & Haynes, D. (2009). On the role of positive and negative affectivity in job performance: a meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 162-176.
Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2004). The Psychology of worldviews. Review of General Psychology, 8, 3-58.
Kramer, R. M., & Lewicki, R. J. (2010). Repairing and enhancing trust: Approaches to reducing organizational trust deficits. The Academy of Management Annals, 4, 245-277.
Krieglmeyer, R., Deutsch, R., De Houwer, J., & De Raedt, R. (2010). Being moved valence activates approach-avoidance behavior independently of evaluation and approach- avoidance intentions. Psychological Science, 21, 607-613.
Kuppens, P., Oravecz, Z., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2010). Feelings change: Accounting for individual differences in the temporal dynamics of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 1042-1060.
Lang, P. J. (1995). The emotion probe: studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50, 372-385.
Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M. (2010). Emotion and the motivational brain. Biological Psychology, 84, 437-450.
Langfred, C. W. (2007). The downside of self-management: A longitudinal study of the effects of conflict on trust, autonomy, and task interdependence in self-managing teams. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 885-900.
Larsen, J., McGraw, A. P., & Cacioppo, J. (2001). Can people feel happy and sad at the same time?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 684-696.
Lazarus, R. S. (2006a). Emotions and Interpersonal Relationships: Toward a Person‐Centered Conceptualization of Emotions and Coping. Journal of Personality, 74, 9-46.
Lazarus, R. S. (2006b). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. Springer Publishing Company.
Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (2003). The self as an organizing construct in the behavioral and social sciences. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity(pp. 3-14). New York, NY: Guilford.
Lerner, J. S., Goldberg, J. H., & Tetlock, P. E. (1998). Sober second thought: The effects of accountability, anger, and authoritarianism on attributions of responsibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 563-574.
McCarrey, M., Edwards, H. P., & Rozario, W. (1982). Ego-relevant feedback, affect, and self-serving attributional bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 189-194.
McCullough, M. E., Worthington Jr, E. L., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of personality and social psychology, 73, 321-336.
Mikula, G., Petrik, B., & Tanzer, N. (1990). What people regard as unjust: Types and structures of everyday experiences of injustice. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 133-149.
Mikula, G., Scherer, K. R., & Athenstaedt, U. (1998). The role of injustice in the elicitation of differential emotional reactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 769-783.
Miller, D. T. (2001). Disrespect and the experience of injustice. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 527-553.
Moneta, G. B., Vulpe, A., & Rogaten, J. (2012). Can positive affect “undo” negative affect? A longitudinal study of affect in studying. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 448-452.
Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 852-863.
Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 257-301.
Park, C. L., & Folkman, S. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1, 115-144.
Pham, M. T. (2007). Emotion and rationality: A critical review and interpretation of empirical evidence. Review of general psychology, 11, 155-178.
Potter, P. T., Smith, B. W., Strobel, K. R., & Zautra, A. J. (2002). Interpersonal workplace stressors and well-being: A multi-wave study of employees with and without arthritis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 789-796.
Röcke, C., Li, S. C., & Smith, J. (2009). Intraindividual Variability in positive and negative affect over 45 days: do older adults fluctuate less than young adults?. Psychology and Aging, 24, 863-878.
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 173-220.
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513-523.
Shih, J. H., & Eberhart, N. K. (2010). Gender differences in the associations between interpersonal behaviors and stress generation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 243-255.
Shirom, A., & Mayer, A. (1993). Stress and strain among union lay officials and rank‐and‐file members. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 401-413.
Siegel Christian, J., Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Ellis, A. P. (2012). Examining retaliatory responses to justice violations and recovery attempts in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 1218-1232.
Simons, T. L., & Peterson, R. S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: the pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 102-111.
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of applied Psychology, 82, 434-443.
Steger, M. F., & Kashdan, T. B. (2013). The unbearable lightness of meaning: Well-being and unstable meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8, 103-115.
Thagard, P., & Nerb, J. (2002). Emotional gestalts: Appraisal, change, and the dynamics of affect. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 274-282.
Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C., & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73, 313-360.
Tjosvold, D. (2008). The conflict‐positive organization: It depends upon us. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 19-28.
Tomlinson, E. C., Dineen, B. R., & Lewicki, R. J. (2004). The road to reconciliation: Antecedents of victim willingness to reconcile following a broken promise. Journal of Management, 30, 165-187.
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2007). Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 311-333.
Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115-191.
Van Prooijen, J. W. (2009). Procedural justice as autonomy regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1166-1180.
Venkataramani, V., Labianca, G. J., & Grosser, T. (2013). Positive and negative workplace relationships, social satisfaction, and organizational attachment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 1028-1039.
Verduyn, P., Delvaux, E., Van Coillie, H., Tuerlinckx, F., & Van Mechelen, I. (2009). Predicting the duration of emotional experience: two experience sampling studies. Emotion, 9, 83-91.
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 314-334.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form. Iowa City, IA: The University of Iowa.
Westphal, M., & Bonanno, G. A. (2007). Posttraumatic growth and resilience to trauma: Different sides of the same coin or different coins?. Applied Psychology, 56, 417-427.
Zautra, A. J., Affleck, G. G., Tennen, H., Reich, J. W., & Davis, M. C. (2005). Dynamic approaches to emotions and stress in everyday life: Bolger and Zuckerman reloaded with positive as well as negative affects. Journal of Personality, 73, 1511-1538.