Measurement of adult career decision motivation based on Self-Determination Theory and Classification of motivation profiles
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the adult’s career decision motivation scale based on the self-determination theory, and examine the relation of motivation factors through cluster analysis. In Study 1, a sample of adults who have made career transitions participated, and scale items were selected based on interviews regarding their career decision making processes. In Study 2, selected items were rearranged into four motivation factors (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, intrinsic motivation) and the constructed scale was conducted on a sample of 240 adults with career transition experience. Data analyzed reported good validity and reliability of the 24-item model consisting of four motivational factors for each of the six behavioral items. Study 3 reports the results of a cluster analysis using the adult career decision motivations scale. Four meaningful clusters were identified and career decision motivation types were classified as ‘control motivated’, ‘poorly motivated’, ‘self-determined’, and ‘strongly motivated’. The strongly motivated cluster showed high levels of career adaptability(CA) and career satisfaction(CS), and the poorly motivated cluster showed low levels of CA and CS. The self-determined cluster had high CA, but there was no significant difference in CS from other clusters. Finally, how controlled motivation and autonomous motiavation could coexist and bring positive results in the cuareer decision making process of adults was discussed.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ahn, J., Lee, J., Hwang, S., Nam, G., & Park, E. (2018). In-depth study of 2018 College graduates career path survey. Retrieved from https://www.keis.or.kr/user/extra/main/2102/publication/publicationList/jsp/LayOutPage.do?categoryIdx=131&pubIdx=5634&spage=1&onlyList=N.
Arthur, M. B. (1994). The boundaryless career: A new perspective for organizational inquiry. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 295- 306.https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150402
Bandalos, D. L. (2002). The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling, 9(1), 78-102. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0901_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0901_5
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191.https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Betz, N. E., & Voyten, K. K. (1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb01004.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb01004.x
Chang, J. Y., & Choi, H. B. (2007). The mediating effect of autonomous motivation on the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. The Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 20(2), 113-133.https://doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.20.2.200705.113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.20.2.200705.113
Chemolli, E., & Gagné, M. (2014). Evidence against the continuum structure underlying motivation measures derived from self-determination theory. Psychological assessment, 26(2), 575.https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036212
Cho, S. Y., & Hong, J. Y. (2010). The relationship among demographical variances, career decision making self-efficacy, and career adaptability of adult learners. Korea Journal of Counseling, 11(3), 1099-1115.https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.3.201009.1099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.3.201009.1099
Cho, Y. A., & Jyung, C. Y. (2015). The development and validation of the career management behavior scale. Journal of Career Education Reserch, 28(4), 157-178. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101740066
Choi, Y. J., & Ku, B. J. (2010). A differential diagnosis on career decision high and low group through career decision-making autonomy four factors. Korean Journal of Counseling, 11(4), 1675-1690.https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.4.201012.1675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.4.201012.1675
Choi, Y. K., & Kim, S. H. (2012). Development and validation of the career preparation behavior scale for university students. Korean Journal of Counseling, 13(5), 2085-2097. Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100179455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.13.5.201210.2085
Dahling, J. J., & Lauricella, T. K. (2017). Linking job design to subjective career success: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(3), 371-388.https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072716639689 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072716639689
da Motta Veiga, S. P., & Gabriel, A. S. (2016). The role of self-determined motivation in job search: A dynamic approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), 350.https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000070
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23.https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.3.262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
Dik, B. J., Sargent, A. M., & Steger, M. F.(2008). Career Development Strivings: Assessing Goals and Motivation in Career Decision-Making and Planning. Journal of Career Development, 35(1), 23-41.https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845308317934 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845308317934
Eisenberger, R., Rhoades, L., & Cameron, J. (1999). Does pay for performance increase or decrease perceived self-determination and intrinsic motivation?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(5), 1026.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1026
Fernet, C., Morin, A. J., Austin, S., Gagné, M., Litalien, D., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., &Forest, J. (2020). Self-determination trajectories at work: A growth mixture analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 103473.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103473
Gagné M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self- determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
Gagné, M., Forest, J., Gilbert, M. H., Aubé, C., Morin, E., & Malorni, A. (2010). The motivation at work scale: Validation evidence in two languages. Educational and psychological measurement, 70(4), 628-646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164409355698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164409355698
Gagné, M., Forest, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Crevier-Braud, L., Van den Broeck, A., Aspeli, A. K., Bellerose, J., Benabou, C., Chemolli, E., Güntert, S. M., Halvari, H., Indiyastuti, D. L., P. A. Johnson, Molstad, M. H., Naudin, M., Ndao, A., Olafsen, A. H., Roussel, P., Wang, Z., & Westbye, C. (2015). The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(2), 178-196 .https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2013.877892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2013.877892
Gillet, N., Gagné, M., Sauvagère, S., & Fouquereau, E. (2013). The role of supervisor autonomy support, organizational support, and autonomous and controlled motivation in predicting employees’ satisfaction and turnover intentions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(4), 450-460.https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.665228 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.665228
Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of management Journal, 33(1), 64-86.https://doi.org/10.5465/256352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256352
Guay, F. (2005). Motivations underlying career decision-making activities: the career decisionmaking autonomy scale (CDMAS). Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 77-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270297
Guay, F., Senécal, C., Gauthier, L., & Fernet, C. (2003). Predicting career indecision: A selfdetermination theory perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 165-177.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.2.165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.2.165
Hair, J, F., & Black, W. C. (2000). Cluster analysis. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yamold(Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics(pp. 147-205). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Han, J. (2004). Verification of mediating effect of career decision efficacy in the relationship between college students’ self-determination level and career decision. (Graduate School of Ewha Womans University). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T9540524
Han, H., Kwak, M., & Han, H. (2016). Influence of Job Choice Motivation on Korean Early- Career Employees Job Satisfaction Change Patterns. The Journal of Career Education Research 29(3), 2016.9, 47-68. Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102086234
Howard, J., Gagné, M., Morin, A. J., & Van den Broeck, A. (2016). Motivation profiles at work: A self-determination theory approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.07.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.07.004
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Bureau, J. S. (2017). Testing a continuum structure of self-determined motivation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1346. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000125
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., Van den Broeck, A., Guay, F., Chatzisarantis, N., Ntoumanis, N., &Pelletier, L. G. (2020). A review and empirical comparison of motivation scoring methods: An application to self-determination theory. Motivation and Emotion, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-020-09831-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-020-09831-9
Hull, D. T. (1996). Protean career of the 21st century. Academy of Management Executive, 10(4), 8-16.https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1996.3145315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1996.3145315
Jang, W. (2015). Human Resource Development Theory and Practice. Seoul: Hakjisa. ISBN: 9788999707513
Kang, Y. & Chang, W. (2017). A Narrative Inquiry on Career Development and Voluntary Turnover of Knowledge Workers. The Journal of Vocational Education Research, 36(6), 1-26. Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=A104986836 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37210/JVER.2017.36.6.1
Koen, J., van Vianen, A. E., van Hooft, E. A., & Klehe, U. C. (2016). How experienced autonomy can improve job seekers’ motivation, job search, and chance of finding reemployment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 31-44.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.07.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.07.003
Kim, H., Kim, S., Choi, M. (2008). Analysis of the labor market effect of workplace mobility. Korea Labor Institute. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/report/reportSearchResultDetail.do?cn=TRKO201800029514
Kim, K., Park, J., & Park, J. (2018). A Study on the Measurement Tools Development and Validation of New Police Officer’s Entry Motive. Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, 27(3), 9-40.https://doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2018.27.3.9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21181/KJPC.2018.27.3.9
Kim, N. (2018) The Effects of Career-Interrupted Women’s Self-Esteem, Self-Determination and Social Network on Career Adaptability. (Graduate School of Soongsil University). Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=T14730380
Kim, R. & Moon, H. (2019). The influence of Career Decision-Making Autonomy, Social Suport on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy among Prospective Infant Teachers. The Journal of Child Education, 28(2), 67-82.http://dx.doi.org/10.17643/KJCE.2019.28.2.04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17643/KJCE.2019.28.2.04
Kim, S. (2016). Fundamentals and extensions of structural equation modeling with MPLUS examples. Seoul: Hakjisa. ISBN: 978-89- 997- 0967-8
Kim, T. (2013). A Causal Relationship among Commitment to a Career Choice, Family Support, Career Decision Autonomy, Career Decision Self-Efficacy, From Undergraduate Students. (Graduate school of Seoul National University). Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13143050
Kim, T. & Jyung, C. (2019). The Moderating Effect of Autonomous Motivation on the Relationship between Employment Anxiety and Career Exploration Behavior of Undergraduate Students. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development, 51(2), 73-95.https://doi.org/10.23840/agehrd.2019.51.2.73 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23840/agehrd.2019.51.2.73
Kim, T. & Tak, J. (2007). A Longitudinal study on antecedents and outcomes of reemployment quality. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 57-80.https://doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.20.1.200702.57 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.20.1.200702.57
Korea Employment Information Service. (2015). Current status and implications of labor mobility for college graduates. Employment Trends Brief (May 2015). Retrieved from http://www.keis.or.kr/WebBook/access/ecatalogs.jsp?callmode=&catimage=15&eclang=&um=s&Dir=14
Korea Enterprises Federation. (2017). 2017 new employee recruitment survey. Retrieved from http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_press_view.jsp?num=6023&pageNum=14
Krumboltz, J. D. (2009). The happenstance learning theory. Journal of career assessment, 17(2), 135-154.https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708328861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708328861
Lee, H. (2004). Influence of individuals’ background, work value, and work motivational orientation on work choice certainty. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology 18(2), 17-33. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102749884
Lee, H. J., & Won, H. T. (1995). Self-concepts and paranoid tendency. Psychological science, 4(2), 15-29. Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76396395
Lee, H. & Yu, G (2013). Work-Life Balance of Generation Y: The Meaning and the Role in View of Generational Work Value. Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy 13(4), 1-31. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99876753
Lee, J., Lee, S., Park, S., Lee, J. (2011). Motivation Scales of Career Decision Making as a Counselor. Korea Journal of Counseling, 12(6), 2145-2161. Riss.http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99779464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.12.6.201112.2145
Lee, J., Shin, K., Baeck, S., & Heo, C. (2014). The effectiveness of job embeddedness in turnover studies. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizationalf Psychology, 27(4), 743-779. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v27i4.743-779 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v27i4.743-779
Lee, J. W., Song, B. R., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. H., & Lee, K. H. (2014). A Concept Mapping Study on Career Adaptability Tasks across the Adult Life Cycle. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 26(4), 1073-1108. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100630811
Lee, S. M., Nam, S., Park, H., & Kim, D. (2007). The construct validity of the career decision self-efficacy scale-short form (CDSE-SF): A revisit. The Korea Journal of Counselling, 8(3), 1047-1062.https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.8.3.200709.1047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.8.3.200709.1047
Lee, Y., & Lee, K. (2010). The relationship between the cluster type and career preparation behavior according to the level of career motivation: based on the theory of self-determination. Vocational Education Research, 29(2), 267-287.http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82400539
Lim, B. (2001). Differences in career-related variables according to employment type and job type. Seoul: Kwangwoon University Master’s Thesis.http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8262744
Lopez-Kidwell, V., Grosser, T. J., Dineen, B. R., &Borgatti, S. P. (2013). What matters when: A multistage model and empirical examination of job search effort. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1655-1678.https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0546
McDonald, K., & Hite, L. (2019). Career development: A human resource development perspective. (Translated by Park) Seoul: PYMATE. (The original text was published in 2015) ISBN: 9791190151979
Ministry of Employment and Labor, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Ministry of the Interior and Safety, Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry for Health and Welfare, Ministry of Gender Equality & Family, Small and Medium Business Administration (2017). The 3rd basic plan for employment promotion for the elderly (2017-2021). Retrieved from http://www.moel.go.kr/policy/policydata/view.do?bbs_seq=20180200394
Moran, C. M., Diefendorff, J. M., Kim, T., & Liu, Z. (2012). A profile approach to self-determination theory motivations at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81, 354-363. https://doi.org/10.1037/e518332013-368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.09.002
Oh, H., Lee, K., & Kim, H. (2019). Motivation Profiles from Self-Determination Theory: Using Latent Profile Analysis in term of A Person-Centered Approach. Korean Journal of Resources Development 22(3), 177-208. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A106368534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24991/KJHRD.2019.09.22.3.177
Paixão, O., & Gamboa, V. (2017). Motivational profiles and career decision making of high school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 65(3), 207-221.https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12093
Park, D & Yeom, S. (2001).The Validity of Mobley’s Model of Employee Turnover and Its Variants. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 14(2), 1-22.http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100628372
Park, J., & Chang, J. (2016). Exploration of work motivation structure and profiles based on self-determination theory among Korean employees. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 29(1), 27-60.https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v29i1.27-60 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v29i1.27-60
Park, S., Jung, Y., Kim, J., & Kang, O. (2009). A Study on Successful Turnover and Re- employment. Korea Employment Information Service. Retrieved from https://www.keis.or.kr/user/extra/main/2102/publication/publicationList/jsp/LayOutPage.do?categoryIdx=131&pubIdx=1727&onlyList=N
Park, S. & Kim, S. (2015). Organization and human relationships. Seoul: Parkyoungsa. ISBN: 9791130301884
Pryor, R. G., & Bright, J. E. (2006). Counseling chaos: Techniques for practitioners. Journal of Employment counseling, 43(1), 9-17.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2006.tb00001.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2006.tb00001.x
Reeve, J. (2018). Understanding Motivation and Emotion, 6th Edition. (Translated by Kim) Seoul: Parkhaksa. (The original text was published in 2015) ISBN: 9788998521653
Rosenberg, A. (1985). The structure of biological science. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171724
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749
Ryan, R. M. & Rigby, S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientations and mental health. Journal of personality and social psychology, 65(3), 586.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.3.586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.3.586
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self- determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J-P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Esbroeck, R. V., Vianen A. E. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239-250.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of vocational behavior, 80(3), 661-673.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
Schein, E. C. (1996). Strategic Pragmatism: The Culture of Singapore’s Economics Development Board. MIT Press Books, 1.
Sharf, R. S. (2016). Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling, 6th Edition. (Translated by Kim, Kim, & Seo). Seoul: Pakhaksa. (The original text was published in 2014) ISBN: 978-89-98521-45-5
Sheldon, K. M, & Elliot, A. (1998). Not all personal goals are personal: Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons for goals as predictors of effort and attainment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 546-557.https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167298245010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167298245010
Sheldon, K. M., Osin, E. N., Gordeeva, T. O., Suchkov, D. D., & Sychev, O. A. (2017). Evaluating the dimensionality of self-determination theory’s relative autonomy continuum. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(9), 1215-1238.https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217711915 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217711915
Song, B. R., Lee, J. W., Choi, H. S., Heo, J. G., & Lee, K. H. (2014). Adult’s lifelong career satisfaction: The meta-analysis study on the social cognitive career variables by life stage and life Satisfaction. Korean journal of counseling, 15(5), 1791-1810.https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.5.201410.1791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.5.201410.1791
Sturges, J., Guest, D., Conway, N., & Davey, K. M. (2002). A longitudinal study of the relationship between career management and organizational commitment among graduates in the first ten years at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(6), 731-748. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.164
Sullivan, S. E., & Baruch, Y. (2009). Advances in career theory and research: A critical review and agenda for future exploration. Journal of management, 35(6), 1542-1571.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309350082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309350082
Sung, S. Y., & Bae, S. A. (2015). Analysis of the structural relationship among college students’ career decision-making autonomy, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career adaptability. Korea Youth Research Association, 22(9), 277-299. Retrieved fromhttp://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102950720
Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of careers. New Yorwk: Harper & Row. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1957-06230-000
Super, D. E., Brown, D., & Brooks, L. (1990). Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Basshttps://doi.org/10.2307/2392835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392835
Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoritical problems. British journal of Guidance and Counseling, 9, 194-201.https://doi.org/10.1080/03069888108258214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069888108258214
Tak, J., Lee, E., & Lim, G. (2015). Validation of the career adaptability scale. Journal of the Korean Psychological Association: Industry and Organization, 28(4), 591-608.http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101550187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v28i4.591-608
Tak, J., Lim, G., Lee, E., & Jung, I. (2013). Development and validation of the Career Concern Inventory. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 26(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v26i1.27-45 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v26i1.27-45
Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983). Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22(1), 63-81.https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(83)90006-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(83)90006-4
Van den Broeck, A., Lens, W., De Witte, H., & Van Coillie, H. (2013). Unraveling the importance of the quantity and the quality of workers’ motivation for well-being: A person- centered perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(1), 69-78.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.11.005
Vansteenkiste, M., & Mouratidis, A. (2016). Emerging trends and future directions for the field of motivation psychology: A special issue in honor of Prof. Dr. Willy Lens. Psychologica Belgica, 56(3), 317.https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.354