The effect of organizational companionship on team effectiveness 과업갈등이 팀 수행에 미치는 영향을 중심으로
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Aug 31, 2018
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Abstract
The present study verified that organizational companionship reduces the effect of task conflict on relationship conflict, which leads to positive effect on team effectiveness indicators - teamwork and team performance. Data were collected from 304 employees using survey questionnaires. The result indicated that relationship conflict mediated the relationship between task conflict and teamwork. Also, the results showed that a moderated mediation effect of organizational companionship was significant. Specifically, the higher organizational companionship, the less mediation effect of relationship conflict. Results of structural equation modeling signified that the moderated mediation effect leads to positive effect on team performance. Lastly, implications and limitations of the results are discussed.
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Kim, Y., & Suh, Y. (2018). The effect of organizational companionship on team effectiveness: 과업갈등이 팀 수행에 미치는 영향을 중심으로. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 31(3), 695–714. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v31i3.695-714
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Empirical Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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김영식, 서용원 (2018). 조직동료의식(Organizational Companionship)의 개념화 및 척도개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 31(1), 1-31.
김영식, 한성호, 서용원 (2017). 과업갈등이 관계갈등에 미치는 영향에 대한 조절효과: 관계의 질과 개인차에 따라서. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 30(3), 415-441.
신동희 (2012). 향상-예방 조직문화와 감성리더십이 조직 갈등과 팀 수행에 미치는 효과. 성균관대학교 석사학위논문.
Baron, R. A. (1991). Positive effects of conflict: A cognitive perspective. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 25-36.
Behfar, K. J., Peterson, R. S., Mannix, E. A., & Trochim, W. M. (2008). The critical role of conflict resolution in teams: A close look at the links between conflict type, conflict management strategies, and team outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 170-188.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Bettenhausen, K. L. (1991). Five years of groups research: What we have learned and what needs to be addressed. Journal of Management, 17(2), 345-381.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bradley, B. H., Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E., & Klotz, A. C. (2015). When conflict helps: Integrating evidence for beneficial conflict in groups and teams under three perspectives. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 19(4), 243-272.
Bradley, B. H., Postlethwaite, B. E., Klotz, A. C., Hamdani, M. R., & Brown, K. G. (2012). Reaping the benefit of task conflict in teams: The critical role of team psychological safety climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 151-158.
Brannick, M. T., Prince, C., & Salas, E. (1995). The measurement of team process. Human Factors, 37(3), 641-651.
Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. E. (2009). Learning behavior in the workplace: The role of high-quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 26(1), 81-98.
Cameli, A., & Gittell, J. H. (2009). High-quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(6), 709-729.
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23(3), 239-290.
De Dreu, C. K. W. (2011). Conflict at work: Basic principles and applied Issues. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol 3: Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization (pp. 461-493). Washington, DC: American Psychology Association.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). A contingency theory of task conflict and performance in group and organizational teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 741-749.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & West, M. A. (2001). Minority dissent and team innovation: The importance of participation in decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1191-1201.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Van Knippenberg, D. (2005). The possessive self as a barrier to conflict resolution: Effects of mere ownership, process, accountability, and self-concept clarity on competitive congnitions and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 345-357.
de Wit , F, R, C., Greer, L, L., & Jehn, K, A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1191-1201.
de Wit, F, R, C., Jehn, K, A., & Scheepers, D. (2013). Task conflict, information processing, and decision-making: The damaging effect of relationship conflict. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 122(2), 177-189.
Dickinson, T. L., & McIntyre, R. M. (1997). “A conceptual framework for teamwork measurement”, In M. T. Brannick, E. Salas, & C. Prince (Eds), Team performance assessment and measurement: Theory, methods, and applications (pp. 19-43), NJ: Erlbaum.
Gladstein, D. L. (1984). Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(4), 499-517.
Goodman, P. S., Ravlin, E., & Schminke, M. (1987). Understanding groups in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 121-173.
Gottman, M. T., & Parkhust, J. T. (1980). A developmental theory of friendship and acquaintanceship processes. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (pp. 197-253). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. P. (1992). Group performance and intergroup relations in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol 3, pp. 269-313). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Greer, L. L., Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2008). Conflict transformation: A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between different types of intragroup conflict and the moderating role of conflict resolution. Small Group Research, 39(3), 278-302.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). Assessing the behavior and performance of teams in organizations: The case of air transport crews. In D. Peterson & D. Fishman (Eds.), Assessment for decision (pp. 283-313). US: Rutgers University Press.
Harris, T. C., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (1997). Components of teamwork: Impact on evaluations of contributions to work team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 27(19), 1694-1715.
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Hoegl, M., & Gemuenden, H. G. (2001). Teamwork quality and the success of innovative projects: A theoretical concept and empirical evidence. Organization Sciences, 12(4), 435-449.
Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Janssen, O., van de Vliert, E., & Veenstra, C. (1999). How task and person conflict shape the role of positive interdependence in management. Journal of Management, 25(2), 117-142.
Jehn, K. A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 256-282.
Jehn, K. A., & Bendersky, C. (2003). Intragroup conflict in organizations: A contingency perspective on the conflict-outcome relationship. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 187-242.
Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. (1997). The dynamic of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (2004). Harvard Business Review on Teams That Succeed. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA. 1-26.
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrow, R. T. (2000). An Examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the empowerment on the relationships, and work outcomes, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 407-416.
Marks, M. A., Mathieu, J. E., & Zaccaro, S. J. (2001). A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes. Academy of management Review, 26(3), 356-376.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 568-579.
McGrath, J. E. (1964). Social Psychology: A Brief introduction. New York: Rinehart and Winston.
O'Neill, T. A., Allen, N. J., & Hasting, S. E. (2013). Examining the "pros" and "Cons" of team conflict: A team-level meta-analysis of task , relationship, and process conflict. Human Performance, 26(3), 236-260.
O'Neill, T. A., & McLarnon, J. W. (in press). Optimizing team conflict dynamics for high performance teamwork. Human Resource Management Review.
Pelled, L. H. (1996). Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory. Organization Science, 7, 615-631.
Pondy, L. R. (1969). Varieties of organizational conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 14, 499-506.
Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1998). Social representations, discourse analysis, and racism. In U. Flick. (Ed.), The psychology of the social (pp. 138-155). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Prus, R. (1996). Symbolic interaction and ethnographic research. Albany: Satate University of New York Press.
Reicher, S. (1995). Three dimensions of the social self. In A. Oosterwegel. (Ed.), The self in European and North American culture: Development and processes (pp. 277-290). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
Rispens, S. (2012). The influence of conflict issue importance on the co-occurance of task and relationship conflict in teams. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61(3), 349- 367.
Sampson, E. E. (1993). Celebrating the other: A dialogic account of human nature. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Schlenker, B. R. (1985). Identity and self- identification. In B. R. Schlenker. (Ed.), The Self in social life (pp. 65-99). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Simons, T, L., & Peterson, R, S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 102-111.
Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advanced in experimental social psychology(Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Sundstrom, E., McIntyre, M., Halfhill, T., & Richard, H. (2000). Work group: From the Hawthorne studies to work teams of the 1990s and beyond. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(1), 44-67.
Swann, W. B. (1987). Identity negotiation: where two roads meet. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(6), 1038-1051.
Torrance, E. P. (1957). Group decision making and disagreement. Social Forces, 35, 314-318.
Wall, J. A., & Callister, R. R. (1995). Conflict and its management. Journal of Management, 21(3), 515-558.
Yang, J., & Mossholder, K. W. (2004). Decoupling task and relationship conflict: The role of intragroup emotional processing, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(5), 589-605.
김영식, 서용원 (2018). 조직동료의식(Organizational Companionship)의 개념화 및 척도개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 31(1), 1-31.
김영식, 한성호, 서용원 (2017). 과업갈등이 관계갈등에 미치는 영향에 대한 조절효과: 관계의 질과 개인차에 따라서. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 30(3), 415-441.
신동희 (2012). 향상-예방 조직문화와 감성리더십이 조직 갈등과 팀 수행에 미치는 효과. 성균관대학교 석사학위논문.
Baron, R. A. (1991). Positive effects of conflict: A cognitive perspective. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 25-36.
Behfar, K. J., Peterson, R. S., Mannix, E. A., & Trochim, W. M. (2008). The critical role of conflict resolution in teams: A close look at the links between conflict type, conflict management strategies, and team outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 170-188.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Bettenhausen, K. L. (1991). Five years of groups research: What we have learned and what needs to be addressed. Journal of Management, 17(2), 345-381.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bradley, B. H., Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E., & Klotz, A. C. (2015). When conflict helps: Integrating evidence for beneficial conflict in groups and teams under three perspectives. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 19(4), 243-272.
Bradley, B. H., Postlethwaite, B. E., Klotz, A. C., Hamdani, M. R., & Brown, K. G. (2012). Reaping the benefit of task conflict in teams: The critical role of team psychological safety climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 151-158.
Brannick, M. T., Prince, C., & Salas, E. (1995). The measurement of team process. Human Factors, 37(3), 641-651.
Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. E. (2009). Learning behavior in the workplace: The role of high-quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 26(1), 81-98.
Cameli, A., & Gittell, J. H. (2009). High-quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(6), 709-729.
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23(3), 239-290.
De Dreu, C. K. W. (2011). Conflict at work: Basic principles and applied Issues. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol 3: Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization (pp. 461-493). Washington, DC: American Psychology Association.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). A contingency theory of task conflict and performance in group and organizational teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 741-749.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & West, M. A. (2001). Minority dissent and team innovation: The importance of participation in decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1191-1201.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Van Knippenberg, D. (2005). The possessive self as a barrier to conflict resolution: Effects of mere ownership, process, accountability, and self-concept clarity on competitive congnitions and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 345-357.
de Wit , F, R, C., Greer, L, L., & Jehn, K, A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1191-1201.
de Wit, F, R, C., Jehn, K, A., & Scheepers, D. (2013). Task conflict, information processing, and decision-making: The damaging effect of relationship conflict. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 122(2), 177-189.
Dickinson, T. L., & McIntyre, R. M. (1997). “A conceptual framework for teamwork measurement”, In M. T. Brannick, E. Salas, & C. Prince (Eds), Team performance assessment and measurement: Theory, methods, and applications (pp. 19-43), NJ: Erlbaum.
Gladstein, D. L. (1984). Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(4), 499-517.
Goodman, P. S., Ravlin, E., & Schminke, M. (1987). Understanding groups in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 121-173.
Gottman, M. T., & Parkhust, J. T. (1980). A developmental theory of friendship and acquaintanceship processes. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (pp. 197-253). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. P. (1992). Group performance and intergroup relations in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol 3, pp. 269-313). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Greer, L. L., Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2008). Conflict transformation: A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between different types of intragroup conflict and the moderating role of conflict resolution. Small Group Research, 39(3), 278-302.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). Assessing the behavior and performance of teams in organizations: The case of air transport crews. In D. Peterson & D. Fishman (Eds.), Assessment for decision (pp. 283-313). US: Rutgers University Press.
Harris, T. C., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (1997). Components of teamwork: Impact on evaluations of contributions to work team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 27(19), 1694-1715.
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Hoegl, M., & Gemuenden, H. G. (2001). Teamwork quality and the success of innovative projects: A theoretical concept and empirical evidence. Organization Sciences, 12(4), 435-449.
Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Janssen, O., van de Vliert, E., & Veenstra, C. (1999). How task and person conflict shape the role of positive interdependence in management. Journal of Management, 25(2), 117-142.
Jehn, K. A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 256-282.
Jehn, K. A., & Bendersky, C. (2003). Intragroup conflict in organizations: A contingency perspective on the conflict-outcome relationship. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 187-242.
Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. (1997). The dynamic of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (2004). Harvard Business Review on Teams That Succeed. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA. 1-26.
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrow, R. T. (2000). An Examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the empowerment on the relationships, and work outcomes, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 407-416.
Marks, M. A., Mathieu, J. E., & Zaccaro, S. J. (2001). A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes. Academy of management Review, 26(3), 356-376.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 568-579.
McGrath, J. E. (1964). Social Psychology: A Brief introduction. New York: Rinehart and Winston.
O'Neill, T. A., Allen, N. J., & Hasting, S. E. (2013). Examining the "pros" and "Cons" of team conflict: A team-level meta-analysis of task , relationship, and process conflict. Human Performance, 26(3), 236-260.
O'Neill, T. A., & McLarnon, J. W. (in press). Optimizing team conflict dynamics for high performance teamwork. Human Resource Management Review.
Pelled, L. H. (1996). Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory. Organization Science, 7, 615-631.
Pondy, L. R. (1969). Varieties of organizational conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 14, 499-506.
Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1998). Social representations, discourse analysis, and racism. In U. Flick. (Ed.), The psychology of the social (pp. 138-155). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Prus, R. (1996). Symbolic interaction and ethnographic research. Albany: Satate University of New York Press.
Reicher, S. (1995). Three dimensions of the social self. In A. Oosterwegel. (Ed.), The self in European and North American culture: Development and processes (pp. 277-290). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
Rispens, S. (2012). The influence of conflict issue importance on the co-occurance of task and relationship conflict in teams. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61(3), 349- 367.
Sampson, E. E. (1993). Celebrating the other: A dialogic account of human nature. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Schlenker, B. R. (1985). Identity and self- identification. In B. R. Schlenker. (Ed.), The Self in social life (pp. 65-99). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Simons, T, L., & Peterson, R, S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 102-111.
Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advanced in experimental social psychology(Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Sundstrom, E., McIntyre, M., Halfhill, T., & Richard, H. (2000). Work group: From the Hawthorne studies to work teams of the 1990s and beyond. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(1), 44-67.
Swann, W. B. (1987). Identity negotiation: where two roads meet. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(6), 1038-1051.
Torrance, E. P. (1957). Group decision making and disagreement. Social Forces, 35, 314-318.
Wall, J. A., & Callister, R. R. (1995). Conflict and its management. Journal of Management, 21(3), 515-558.
Yang, J., & Mossholder, K. W. (2004). Decoupling task and relationship conflict: The role of intragroup emotional processing, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(5), 589-605.