A study on the relationship between intragroup conflict and turnover intentions, and the mediating effect of job satisfaction Commonalities and differences between Korean and Chinese employees
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study delved into the impact of intragroup conflict on turnover intentions and cultural commonalities and differences in job satisfaction that mediates the relationship. To identify correlations among intragroup conflict, job satisfaction and turnover intentions for each Korean and Chinese employee, the study analyzed questionnaires used to survey Korean employees working at Korean companies and Chinese workers in Korean companies based in China. The study divided intragroup conflict into two types - relation conflict and task conflict - and looked into the impact of each conflict on turnover intentions, and found that both types of conflict heightened turnover intentions of both Korean and Chinese workers. The study also attempted to prove the mediating effects of job satisfaction on the relationship between relation conflict and task conflict, and turnover intentions. As a result, mediating effects were found only in the relationship between relation conflict and turnover intentions among Chinese employees, while Korean workers saw the same effects only in the relationship between task conflict and turnover intentions. The above-mentioned results indicate the following implications. Firstly, there were common effects of intragroup conflict on turnover intentions for both Korean and Chinese employees. Such effect can be understood from culture universal perspective. Secondly, differences emerged in the mediating effects of job satisfaction in the relationship between turnover intentions and intra-group conflicts. That is understandable from culture specific perspective. Thirdly, the result that can be inferred from the aforementioned findings is that when it comes to cross-cultural research on methods of management, it is important to consider two types of approaches - culture universal and culture specific approaches. Lastly, the study also indicated that companies operating overseas should seek both localized and global management.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
노연희, 손영우 (2012). 팀의 구성이 팀 수행에 미치는 영향: 인구통계학적 다양성, 인지 다양성 및 성격 특성을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 25, 861-887.
박헌준, 이종건, 성상현 (2004). 프로젝트 팀의 학습이 팀 성과에 미치는 영향. 인사·조직연구, 12, 41-66.
박희진 (2009). 팀 구성원들의 교류기억과 팀 멘탈모델의 관계: 팀 학습 행동의 매개를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22, 597-623.
박희진 (2011). 팀 학습 행동과 팀 수행의 관계: 메타분석. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24, 651-672.
박희진, 손영우 (2007). 팀 학습 및 교류활성기억과 팀 수행의 관계: 팀 맥락을 선행요인으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 20, 475-496.
박희진, 손영우 (2009). 임파워링 리더행동과 팀원들의 학습행동 및 교류기억의 관계: 팀 효능감, 혁신성향 및 리더에 대한 신뢰의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22, 1-25.
안여명, 유태용 (2010). 개인 및 팀 수준에서 성격과 적응수행 간의 관계: 일반적 자기효능감의 매개효과와 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23, 155-179.
이준호, 김학수 (2012). 연구개발팀에서 팀 효능감과 팀 혁신성과간의 관계에서 팀 학습행동의 매개역할. 지식경영연구, 13, 105-124.
황종오, 유태용, 한태영 (2006). 팀 성격과 팀내 조직시민행동 규범이 구성원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 효과: 다수준 구성타당화 접근. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23, 631-655.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. C. (1991). Multiple regression testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. F. (1992). Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance. Organization Science, 3, 321-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.321
Argote, L., Gruenfeld, D., & Naquin, C. (1999). Group learning in organizations. In M. E. Turner (Eds.), Groups at Work: Advances in Theory and Research. Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ.
Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., & Mount, M. K. (1998). Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 377-391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.3.377
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. & Bass R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York, NJ: Free Press.
Bell, S. T. (2007). Deep-level composition variables as predictors of team performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 595-615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.595
Boon, A., Raes, E., Kyndt, E., & Dochy, F. (2013). Team learning beliefs and behaviors in response teams. European Journal of Training and Development, 37, 357-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090591311319771
Chen, G., & Kanfer, R. (2006). Toward a systems theory of motivated behavior in work teams. Research in Organizational Behavior, 27, 223- 267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27006-0
Chiu, C.-Y., Lin, H.-C., & Chien, M. S. (2009). Transformational leadership and team behavioral integraion: The mediating role of team learning. Paper Proceedings of the 69th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Cohen, A., Doveh, E., & Eick, U. (2001). Statistical properties of the rwg(j) index of agreement. Psychological Methods, 6, 297-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.6.3.297
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
DeRue D. S., Wellman, N., Nahrgang, J. D., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64, 7-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01201.x
Devine, D. J., Clayton, L. D., Philips, J. L., Dunford, B. B., & Melner, S. B. (1999). Teams in organizations: Prevalence, characteristics, and effectiveness. Small Group Research, 30, 678-711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000602
Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221
Drach-Zahavy, A., & Somech, A. (2001). Understanding team innovation: The role of team processes and structures. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5, 111-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.5.2.111
Driskell, J. E., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E., & O'Shea, P. G. (2006). What makes a good team player? Personality and team effectiveness. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10, 249-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.10.4.249
Driskell, J. E., Hogan, R., & Salas, E. (1987). Personality and group performance. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Group processes and intergroup relations: Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 9, pp.91-112). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Druskat, V. U., & Kayes, D. C. (2000). Learning versus performance in short-term project teams. Small Group Research, 31, 328-353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100304
Eby, L. T., Meade, A. W., Parisi, A. G., & Douthitt, S. S. (1999). The development of an individual-level teamwork expectations measure and the application of a within-group agreement statistic to assess shared expectations for teamwork. Organizational Research Methods, 2, 366-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109442819924003
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
Ellis, A. P. J., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., Porter, C. O. H. L., West, B. J., & Moon, H. (2003). Team Learning: Collectively Connecting the Dots. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 821-835. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.821
Ennabih, A., Van Riel, A. C. R., Sasovova, Z., & Semeijn, J. (2011). Balancing new product quality and innovativeness through learning and knowledge-sharing in NPD teams. Paper Proceedings of the 71st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Esser, J. K. (1998). Alive and well after 25 years: A review of groupthink research. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73, 116-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1998.2758
Gibson, C. & Vermeulen, F. (2003). A healthy divide: Subgroups as a stimulus for team learning behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 202-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3556657
Griffith, B., & Hesketh, B. (2004). Why openness to experience is not a good predictor of job performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 12, 243-251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0965-075X.2004.278_1.x
Groen, B. A. C., Evers, F., Gravesteijn, M., Molenveld, M., Schopman, M., & Veerbeek, R. (2011). Team learning through bottom-up development of team performance indicators. Paper Proceedings of the 71st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Gully, S. M., & Phillips, J. M. (2005). A multilevel application of learning and performance orientations to individual, group and organizational outcomes. In J. J. Martocchio (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, Vol. 24 (pp.1-51). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Ltd.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp.315-342). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hofmann, D. A., & Jones, L. M. (2005). Leadership, collective personality, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 509-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.509
Hough, L. M. (1992). The “Big Five” personality variables-Construct confusion: Description versus prediction. Human Performance, 5, 139-155.
Humphrey, S. E., Hollenbeck, J. R., Meyer, C. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2007). Trait configurations in self-managed teams: A conceptual examination of the use of seeding for maximizing and minimizing trait variance in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 885-892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.885
James, L. R., Demaree, R. J., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied psychology, 69, 85-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.1.85
Janis, I. L. (1972). Victims of groupthink. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
Kamdar, D. & Van Dyne, L. (2007). The joint effects of personality and workplace social exchange relationships in predicting task performance and citizenship performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1286-1298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1286
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D. & Ryff, C. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 1007-1022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
Klein, H. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2000). From micro to meso: critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 211-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810033001
Kostopoulos, K., Bozionelos, N., & Prastacos, G. P. (2009). Team learning activities and team effectiveness: The role of psychological safety and task conflict. Paper Proceedings of the 69th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2009.44265881
Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Bell, B. S. (2003). Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. C. Borman & D. R. Ilgen (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 12, pp.333-375). New York: Wiley.
Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006). Enhancing the effectiveness of work groups and teams. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 73, 77-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00030.x
Kristof-Brown, A., Barrick, M. R., & Stevens, C. K. (2005). When opposites attract: A multi-sample demonstration of complementary person-team fit on extraversion. Journal of Personality, 73, 935-958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00334.x
LePine, J. A. (2003). Team adaptation and postchange performance: Effects of team composition in terms of members' cognitive ability and personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 27-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.27
LePine, J. A., Buckman, B. R., Crawford, E. R., & Methot, J. R. (2011). A review of research on personality in teams: Accounting for pathways spanning levels of theory and analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 311-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.004
LePine, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., & Hedlund, J. (1997). Effects of individual differences on the performance of hierarchical decision-making teams: Much more than g. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 803-811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.803
LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (2001). Voice and cooperative behavior in contrasting forms of contextual performance: Evidence of differential relationships with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 326-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.2.326
Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1990). Progress in small group research. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 585-634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.003101
Liu, S., Hu, J., Li, Y., Wang, Z., & Lin, X. (2014). Examining the cross-level relationship between shared leadership and learning in teams: Evidence from China. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 282-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.08.006
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2008). Empirical and theoretical status of the Five-Factor Model of personality traits. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment (Vol. 1, Personality theories and models, pp.273-294). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
Morgeson, F. P., Reider, M. H., & Campion, M. A. (2005). Selecting individuals in team settings: The importance of social skills, personality characteristics, and teamwork knowledge. Personnel Psychology, 58, 583-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.655.x
Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Stewart, G. L. (1998). Five-factor model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions. Human Performance, 11, 145-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1102&3_3
Neuman, G. A., & Wright, J. (1999). Team effectiveness: Beyond skills and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 376-389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.376
O'Neill, T. A., & Allen, N. A. (2011). Personality and the prediction of team performance. European Journal of Personality, 25, 31-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.769
O'Neill, T. A., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008). Personality as a predictor of teamwork: A business simulator study. North American Journal of Psychology, 10, 65-78.
Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M., & Xin, K. R. (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2667029
Phares, E. J. (1984). Introduction to personality. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
Porter, C. O. L. H., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., Ellis, A. P. J., West, B. J., & Moon, H. (2003). Backing up bahaviors in teams: The role of personality and the legitimacy of need. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 391-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.391
Prewett, M. S., Walvoord, A. A. G., Stilson, F. R. B., Rossi, M. E., & Brannick, M. T. (2009). The team personality-team performance relationship revisited: The impact of criterion choice, pattern of workflow, and method of aggregation. Human Performance, 22, 273-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08959280903120253
Raes, E., Decuyper, S., Lismont, B., Van den Bossche, P., Kyndt, E., Demeyere, S., & Dochy, F. (2013). Facilitating team learning through transformational leadership. Instructional Science, 41, 287-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-012-9228-3
Reilly, R. R., Lynn, G. S., & Aronson, Z. H. (2002). The role of personality in new product development team performance. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19, 39-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(01)00045-5
Roberts, B. W., & Robins, R. W. (2000). Broad dispositions, broad aspirations: The intersection of the Big Five dimensions and major life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1284-1296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200262009
Sarin, S., & McDermott, C. (2003). The effect of team leader characteristics on learning, knowledge application, and performance of cross-functional new product development teams. Decision Sciences, 34, 707-739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02350.x
Savelsbergh, C. M. J. H., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Poell, R. F. (2009). The development and empirical validation of a multidimensional measurement instrument for team learning behaviors. Small Group Research, 40, 578-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496409340055
Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline. New York: Currency Doubleday.
Stewart, G. L., Fulmer, I. S., & Barrick, M. R. (2005). An exploration of member roles as a multilevel linking mechanism for individual traits and team outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 58, 343-365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00480.x
Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 298-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.002
Van den Bossche, P., Gijselaers, W. H., Segers, M., & Kirschner, P. A. (2006). Social and cognitive factors driving teamwork in collaborative learning environments: Team learning beliefs and behaviors. Small Group Research, 37, 490-521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496406292938
Van Der Vegt, G. S., Bunderson, J. S., & Kuipers, B. (2010). Why turnover matters in self-managing work teams: Learning, social integration, and task flexibility. Journal of Management, 36, 1168-1191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309344117
van Offenbeek, M. (2001). Processes and outcomes of team learning. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10, 303-317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000690
van Woerkom, M., & van Engen, M. L. (2009). Learning from conflicts? The relations between task and relationship conflicts, team learning and team performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18, 381-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320802569514
Webber, S. S., Chen, G. Payne, S. C., Marsh, S. M., & Zaccaro, S. J. (2000). Enhancing team mental model measurement with performance appraisal practices. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 307-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810034001
Wong, S. (2004). Distal and local group learning: Performance trade-offs and tensions. Organization Science, 15, 645-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0080
Yun, S., Faraj, S., & Sims, H. P. Jr. (2005). Contingent leadership and effectiveness of trauma resuscitation teams. Journal of Applied psychology, 6, 1288-1296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1288
Zellmer-Bruhn, M., & Gibson, C. (2006). Multinational organization context: Implications for team learning and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 501-518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.21794668