Impacts of secure attachment, 5 factor personality, future time perspective on productive ageing
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
It is hope and need of society that most of people will keep their life productive after becoming elderly. In this study, we want to find demographic-sociological and psychological determinants for productive ageing. In our study, productive ageing were constructed as 4 factors, goal pursuit activities, career development activities, family support activities, and society volunteering activities. We collected data from 471 elderly beyond 65. Sex, age, spouse existence, income by month, education, work or non-work, working time were correlated significantly with productive ageing. And openness to experience and conscientious personality, secure attachment, and future time perspective were correlated significantly with productive ageing. Especially, big five personality and future time perspective impacted significantly on productive ageing after controling demographic-sociological factors through hierarchical regression analysis. Openness to experience and future time perspective were important consistently for all productive ageing activities. When we analyzed causal relationship among openness to experience, secure attachment, future time perspective and productive ageing through AMOS, future time perspective mediated relationship between openness to experience and productive ageing, and relationship between secure attachment and productive ageing. Also, openness to experience, secure attachment, and time perspective all had a big impact on productive ageing directly.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Funding data
-
Hallym University
Grant numbers HRF-S-2-1 -
National Research Foundation of Korea
Grant numbers NRF-2012-S1A3A2-033609
References
권선중, 김교헌, 이홍석 (2006). 한국판 감사 성향 척도(K-GQ-6)의 신뢰도 및 타당도. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11, 177-190.
권혁기, 박봉규 (2010). 변혁적 리더십과 자기효능감이 직무만족에 미치는 영향-일몰입과 조지몰입의 매개효과-. 인적자원관리연구, 17, 203-218.
김민선, 서영석 (2009). 평가염려 완벽주의와 사회불안과의 관계: 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움과 자기제시 동기의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 28, 525-545.
김병직, 정명호 (2012). 의존성과 독립성의 조화: 변혁적 리더십의 양면성과 신뢰 및 지각된 통제의 매개역할. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 25, 453-476.
김지윤, 이동귀 (2013). 대학생의 사회부과 완벽주의와 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 무조건적 자기수용과 자기개념 명확성의 매개효과 검증. 상담학연구, 14, 63-82.
노지혜, 이민규 (2011). 나는 왜 감사해야 하는가?: 스트레스 상황에서 감사가 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 30, 159-183.
문 경 (1998). 완벽주의 차원과 자기효능감이 우울에 미치는 영향. 가톨릭대학교 석사학위 논문.
문계완, 최석봉, 문재승 (2009). 리더십 유형과 조직 문화가 혁신행동에 미치는 영향. 산업경제연구, 22, 3289-3320.
박상언 (2012). 직무수행 과정에서 지각된 정서적 안녕(Affective Well-Being)이 직무요구-자원 모형에서 수행하는 역할에 대한 실증연구. 인사․조직 연구, 20, 177-220.
신민희, 구재선 (2010). 행복과 창의력의 관계: 행복한 사람이 더 창의적이다. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 24, 37-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2010.24.3.003
유영식, 심덕섭, 양동민, 허영호, 박성수 (2009). 변혁적 리더십과 역할행동, 조직시민행동 및 혁신행동 간의 관계에 대한 심리적 임파워먼트의 매개효과. 인적자원관리연구, 16, 107-127.
윤대혁, 정순태 (2006). 변혁적 리더십이 조직시민행동과 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구-조직공정성의 조절효과를 중심으로. 인적자원관리연구, 13, 139-169.
이동섭, 조봉순, 김기태, 김성국, 이인석, 최용득 (2009). 긍정심리학의 응용을 통한 인사조직연구의 새로운 접근. 인사․조직 연구, 17, 307-339.
이명신 (2013). 일-가정 상호작용과 참살이(well-being)와의 관계: 긍정의 역할. 인사․조직 연구, 21, 371-410.
이지영, 김명언 (2008). 조직에서의 긍정심리학의 적용: 긍정 조직학의 현주소와 지향점. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 21, 677- 703.
임경희 (2010). 감사성향 척도 개발 및 타당화. 상담학 연구, 11, 1-17.
임준철, 윤정구 (1999). 부하에 의해 인지된 상사의 변혁적 및 거래적 리더십이 부하의 혁신 성향에 미치는 영향: 자기 권능감(self-efficacy)의 매개역할을 중심으로. 인사․조직연구, 7, 1-42.
최석봉, 김경환, 문계완 (2010). 변혁적 리더십이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향-학습지향성과 조직몰입의 매개효과검증-. 인적자원관리연구, 17, 225-243.
최우재, 조윤형 (2013). 진성리더십이 부하의 심리적 웰빙과 적응적 수행성과에 미치는 영향: 자기권능감의 매개효과. 인사․조직 연구, 21, 185-228.
한기연 (1993). 다차원적 완벽성- 개념, 측정 및 부적응과의 관련성. 고려대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
홍세희 (2000). 구조 방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국 심리학회지: 임상, 19, 161-177.
Algoe, S. B., Haidt, J., & Gable, S. L. (2008). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion, 8, 425-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.425
Avolio, B. J. Waldman, D. A., & Einstein, W. O. (1988). Transformational Leadership in a Management Game Simulation, Group and Organizations Studies, 13, 59-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118801300109
Basso, M. R., Schefft, B. K., Ris, M. D., & Dember, W. N. (1996). Mood and global-local visual processing. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 249-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617700001193
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, Better, Best. Organizational Dynamics, Winter. 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.
Blatt. S. J. (1995). The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of depression. American Psychologist, 12, 1003-1020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.12.1003
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row. Cameron, K. S., Dutton, J., & Quinn, R. (Eds.), 2003. Positive organizational scholarship. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Burns, D. (1980). Feeling good: The new mood therapy. New York: Avon Books.
Cameron, K. S., & Levine, M. (2006). Making the impossible possible. San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler.
Burns, L., & Fedewa, B. A. (2005). Cognitive styles: Links with perfectionistic thinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 103-113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.03.012
Chang, E. C., & Rand, K. L. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of subsequent adjustment: Evidence for a specific diathesis-stress mechanism among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 129-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.129
Chang, E. C., Watkins, A. F., & Banks, K. H. (2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in black and white college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 93-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.93
Chow, G. S-Y. (2002). The cultural context of perfectionism and psychological outcome: Investigating a stress-mediated model with asian american and european american students. Doctoral Dissertation. The University of Michigan, USA.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. S., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life-scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Estrada, C. A., Isen, A. M. & Young, M. J. (1997). Positive affect facilitates integration of information and decreases anchoring in reasoning among physicians. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, 117-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1997.2734
Dvir, T., Eden, D, & Avolio, B. J. (2002). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Follower Development and Performance: a Field Experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 735-744.
Edmondson, A. C. (1996). Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organizational influences on the detection and correction of human error. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 5-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886396321001
Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
Emmons, R. A. (2004). The psychology of gratitude: An introduction. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp.3-18). New York: Oxford University Press.
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessing versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of personality & Social Psychology, 84, 377-389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2004). The psychology of gratitude. New York: Oxford University Press (Eds.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150100.001.0001
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., Solnik, M., & Van Brusshot, M. (1996). Perfectionism, social problem-solving ability and psychological distress. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 14, 245-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238139
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & DeRosa, T. (1996). Dimensions of perfectionism, psychosocial adjustment, and social skills. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 143-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00170-0
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Garshowitz, M., & Martin, T. R. (1997). Personality, negative social interactions, and depressive symptoms. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 29, 28-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0008-400X.29.1.28
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.2.3.300
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude like other positive emotions, broaden and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp.145-166). New York: Oxford University Press.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 313-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000238
Froh, J. J., Sefick, W. J., & Emmons, R. A. (2008). Counting blessings in early adolescents: An experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 213-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.03.005
Gilman, R. & Huebner, E. S. (2003). A review of life satisfaction research with children and youth. School Psychology Quarterly 18, 192-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.18.2.192.21858
Gino, F., & Schweitzer, M. (2008). Blinded by anger or feeling the love: How emotions infl uence advice taking. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1165-1173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1165
Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. In E. P. Bucy & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), The sourcebook for political communication research: Methods, measures, and analytical techniques (pp.434-465). New York: Routledge.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social context: Conceptualization, assessment and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456
Higgins, E. T., R., Klein, R., & Strauman, T. J. (1986). Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability: How magnitude, accessibility and type of discrepancy influence affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.5
Howell, J. M., and B. J. Avolio (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated- business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 891-902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.891
Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122-1131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122
Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. (2003). The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 525-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00050-X
Jung, D. I., Wu, A., & Chow, C. (2008). Towards understanding the direct and indirect effects of CEO’s transformational leadership on firm innovation. The Leadership Quarterly, 19, 582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.07.007
Kanter, R. M. (1988). When a Thousand Flowers Bloom: Structural, Collective, and Social ConditionsforInnovationinOrganizations. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings(Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, 10: 169-211, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Dependence and empowerment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 243-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.246
Kovjanic, S., Schuh, S. C., Jonas, K., Quaquebeke, N. V., & van Dick, R. (2012). How do transformational leaders foster positive employee outcomes? A self-determination-based analysis of employees’ needs as mediating links. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 1031-1052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1771
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of Emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 819-834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.8.819
Lazarus, R. S., & Lazarus, B. N. (1994). Passion and reason: Making sense of our emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The how of happiness: A new approach to getting the life you want. New York: Penguin Press
Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & DiMatteo, R. M. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem. Social Indicators Research, 78, 363-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-0213-y
McCraty, R., & Childre, D. (2004). The grateful heart: The psychophysiology of appreciation. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp.230-255). New York: Oxford University Press.
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249- 266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.127.2.249
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112
McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J. A., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 295-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.295
Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 69, 220-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048850
Mikulincer, M. (1995). Attachment Styles and Repressive Defensiveness: The Accessibility and Architecture of Affective Memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 917-925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.917
Mishra, A. K. & Spreitzer, G. M. (1998). Explaining How Survivors Respond to Downsizing: the Role of Trust Empowerment, Justice and Work Redesign. (Special Topic Forum on Trust in and Between Organization). Academy of Management Review, 23, 567-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926627
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification, New York: Oxford University Press.
Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408
Podsakoff, P. M., Schuler, R. S., & Todor, W. D. (1983). Clarification and extension of the path-goal theory of leadership: Toward a conceptual model, Unpublished manuscript.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. Moorman, R. M., and Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Follwer's Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Popper, M., Mayseless, O., & Castelnovo, O. (2000). Transformational leadership and attachment. The Leadership Quarterly, 11, 267-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00038-2
Rosenberg, E. L. (1989). Levels of analysis and the orgnanization of affect. Review of general Psychology, 2, 247-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.247
Russel, D. W., Kahn, J. H., Spoth, R. S., & Altmaier, E. M. (1998). Analyzing data from experimental studies: A latent variable structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 18-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.1.18
Schumacker, R. E. (1991). Relationship between multiple regression, path, factor, and LISREL analysis. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 18, 28-46.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 580-607.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment (김인자 역). New York: Free Press.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership, conservation, and creativity: Evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 703-714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/30040662
Shipon, R. W. (2007). Gratitude: Effect on perspectives and blood pressure of inner-city African-American hypertensive patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 68 (3-B), 1977.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, I., G. (2004). Posttraumatic groth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
Valois, R. F., Zullig, K. J., Huebner, E. S., Drane, J. W. (2001). Relationship between life satisfaction and violent behaviors among adolescents. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25, 353-366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.25.4.1
Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., & Zhu, W. C. (2008). How transformational leadership weaves its influence on individual job performance: The role of identification and efficacy beliefs. Personnel Psychology, 61, 793-825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00131.x
Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, K., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measurement of gratitude and relationalships with subjective well-being. Social behavior and personality, 31, 431-452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431
Watkins, P. C. (2004). Gratitude and subjective well-being. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp.167-192). New York: Oxford University Press.
West, M. A. (1989). Innovation amongst health care professionals. Social Behavior, 4, 173-184.
West, M. A., & Farh, J. L. (1989). Innovation at work: Psychological perspectives. Social Behavior, 4, 15-30.
West, S. G., Finch, F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle(Ed), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp.56-75). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548-573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 49-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.019
Wu, J., Tsui, A. S., & Kinicki, A. J. (2010). Consequences of differentiated leadership in groups. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 90-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037079